Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy

Abstract Background Pre-operative frailty adversely affects morbidity and mortality after emergency laparotomy (EmLap), especially in older adults (65 years and above). Little is known about frailty after EmLap. We explored the change in frailty status from pre- to post-EmLap and any influence on di...

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Main Authors: Hwei Jene Ng, Nicholas J. W. Rattray, Tara Quasim, Susan J. Moug
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:World Journal of Emergency Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00612-8
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author Hwei Jene Ng
Nicholas J. W. Rattray
Tara Quasim
Susan J. Moug
author_facet Hwei Jene Ng
Nicholas J. W. Rattray
Tara Quasim
Susan J. Moug
author_sort Hwei Jene Ng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pre-operative frailty adversely affects morbidity and mortality after emergency laparotomy (EmLap), especially in older adults (65 years and above). Little is known about frailty after EmLap. We explored the change in frailty status from pre- to post-EmLap and any influence on discharge destination. Methods EmLap patients aged ≥ 65years from an acute surgical site were recruited from May 2022 to April 2023. Prospective data collection included demographics, frailty, mortality and discharge destination. Frailty was assessed using the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale at pre-EmLap and day-90 post-EmLap (< 4 as non-frail, 4 as pre-frail and > 4 as frail). EmLap patients with no 90-day follow-up were excluded. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results 63 EmLap patients were included in the study. The median age was 75 years (range 65–91 years) with 36 (57.1%) females. Eleven (17.5%) were living with frailty pre-EmLap, and 10 (15.9%) developed new frailty by day-90 post-EmLap. Pre-EmLap, all patients came from home with 20.6% of the frail and pre-frail group having a package of care service (POC) in place. On 90-day post-EmLap, 1 was still an inpatient but 25.8% had a change in discharge destination: care home (n = 1), home with new POC (n = 2) and home with increased POC (n = 13). Of the 16 patients with change of discharge destination, 9 (56.3%) were frail pre-EmLap. There was a significant association between pre-EmLap frailty and change in home circumstances on discharge (p < 0.00001). Conclusions Emergency surgery can increase a patient’s frailty status and significantly increases care requirements and social support after hospital discharge. Frailty assessment needs to be performed before and after admission in all EmLap patients to improve post-EmLap care planning and patient expectations.
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spelling doaj-art-370a8f8f79b34dcfbb0c36dedfbfabb42025-08-20T02:30:22ZengBMCWorld Journal of Emergency Surgery1749-79222025-04-012011610.1186/s13017-025-00612-8Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomyHwei Jene Ng0Nicholas J. W. Rattray1Tara Quasim2Susan J. Moug3Department of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and ClydeStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of StrathclydeCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowDepartment of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and ClydeAbstract Background Pre-operative frailty adversely affects morbidity and mortality after emergency laparotomy (EmLap), especially in older adults (65 years and above). Little is known about frailty after EmLap. We explored the change in frailty status from pre- to post-EmLap and any influence on discharge destination. Methods EmLap patients aged ≥ 65years from an acute surgical site were recruited from May 2022 to April 2023. Prospective data collection included demographics, frailty, mortality and discharge destination. Frailty was assessed using the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale at pre-EmLap and day-90 post-EmLap (< 4 as non-frail, 4 as pre-frail and > 4 as frail). EmLap patients with no 90-day follow-up were excluded. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results 63 EmLap patients were included in the study. The median age was 75 years (range 65–91 years) with 36 (57.1%) females. Eleven (17.5%) were living with frailty pre-EmLap, and 10 (15.9%) developed new frailty by day-90 post-EmLap. Pre-EmLap, all patients came from home with 20.6% of the frail and pre-frail group having a package of care service (POC) in place. On 90-day post-EmLap, 1 was still an inpatient but 25.8% had a change in discharge destination: care home (n = 1), home with new POC (n = 2) and home with increased POC (n = 13). Of the 16 patients with change of discharge destination, 9 (56.3%) were frail pre-EmLap. There was a significant association between pre-EmLap frailty and change in home circumstances on discharge (p < 0.00001). Conclusions Emergency surgery can increase a patient’s frailty status and significantly increases care requirements and social support after hospital discharge. Frailty assessment needs to be performed before and after admission in all EmLap patients to improve post-EmLap care planning and patient expectations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00612-8Emergency laparotomyFrailtyDischarge destination
spellingShingle Hwei Jene Ng
Nicholas J. W. Rattray
Tara Quasim
Susan J. Moug
Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy
World Journal of Emergency Surgery
Emergency laparotomy
Frailty
Discharge destination
title Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy
title_full Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy
title_fullStr Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy
title_full_unstemmed Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy
title_short Changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy
title_sort changes in frailty status and discharge destination post emergency laparotomy
topic Emergency laparotomy
Frailty
Discharge destination
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00612-8
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AT taraquasim changesinfrailtystatusanddischargedestinationpostemergencylaparotomy
AT susanjmoug changesinfrailtystatusanddischargedestinationpostemergencylaparotomy