Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature Review

ABSTRACT While Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella species traditionally account for most cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), atypical pathogens can be found. Salmonella, typically known for causing gastroenteritis, rarely manifests as SBP, while Brucella, a zoonotic pathog...

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Main Authors: Hussam Almasri, Elhassan Mahmoud, Ashraf I. Ahmed, Hamad A. Alkorbi, Aiman Ahmed, Shahem Abbarh, Bisher Sawaf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Clinical Case Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.9647
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author Hussam Almasri
Elhassan Mahmoud
Ashraf I. Ahmed
Hamad A. Alkorbi
Aiman Ahmed
Shahem Abbarh
Bisher Sawaf
author_facet Hussam Almasri
Elhassan Mahmoud
Ashraf I. Ahmed
Hamad A. Alkorbi
Aiman Ahmed
Shahem Abbarh
Bisher Sawaf
author_sort Hussam Almasri
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT While Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella species traditionally account for most cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), atypical pathogens can be found. Salmonella, typically known for causing gastroenteritis, rarely manifests as SBP, while Brucella, a zoonotic pathogen, presents a unique challenge in the context of peritoneal infection. In this report, we present two cases of SBP caused by these atypical organisms. The first case involved a 58‐year‐old female with a history of hepatitis C‐related chronic liver disease and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, who presented with SBP and hepatorenal syndrome‐associated acute kidney injury. Salmonella was identified in both ascitic fluid and blood cultures, but despite appropriate treatment, the patient experienced a fatal deterioration. The second case features a 52‐year‐old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus and newly diagnosed schistosomiasis, who presented with findings of decompensated liver cirrhosis and SBP. Brucella was isolated from ascitic fluid cultures, and the patient responded well to treatment. We aim to highlight the need for early recognition of atypical causes of SBP to improve management and outcomes.
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issn 2050-0904
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series Clinical Case Reports
spelling doaj-art-36feecc34015420fbc6d4d1aab4ec3382025-08-20T02:50:55ZengWileyClinical Case Reports2050-09042025-03-01133n/an/a10.1002/ccr3.9647Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature ReviewHussam Almasri0Elhassan Mahmoud1Ashraf I. Ahmed2Hamad A. Alkorbi3Aiman Ahmed4Shahem Abbarh5Bisher Sawaf6Internal Medicine Department University of North Dakota Fargo North Dakota USADepartment of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha QatarDepartment of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha QatarDepartment of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha QatarDepartment of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha QatarDepartment of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha QatarDepartment of Internal Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation Doha QatarABSTRACT While Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella species traditionally account for most cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), atypical pathogens can be found. Salmonella, typically known for causing gastroenteritis, rarely manifests as SBP, while Brucella, a zoonotic pathogen, presents a unique challenge in the context of peritoneal infection. In this report, we present two cases of SBP caused by these atypical organisms. The first case involved a 58‐year‐old female with a history of hepatitis C‐related chronic liver disease and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, who presented with SBP and hepatorenal syndrome‐associated acute kidney injury. Salmonella was identified in both ascitic fluid and blood cultures, but despite appropriate treatment, the patient experienced a fatal deterioration. The second case features a 52‐year‐old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus and newly diagnosed schistosomiasis, who presented with findings of decompensated liver cirrhosis and SBP. Brucella was isolated from ascitic fluid cultures, and the patient responded well to treatment. We aim to highlight the need for early recognition of atypical causes of SBP to improve management and outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.9647atypical pathogensbrucellaliver cirrhosissalmonellaspontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
spellingShingle Hussam Almasri
Elhassan Mahmoud
Ashraf I. Ahmed
Hamad A. Alkorbi
Aiman Ahmed
Shahem Abbarh
Bisher Sawaf
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature Review
Clinical Case Reports
atypical pathogens
brucella
liver cirrhosis
salmonella
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
title Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature Review
title_full Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature Review
title_fullStr Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature Review
title_short Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Beyond the Usual Suspects: Case Series of Salmonella and Brucella With Comprehensive Literature Review
title_sort spontaneous bacterial peritonitis beyond the usual suspects case series of salmonella and brucella with comprehensive literature review
topic atypical pathogens
brucella
liver cirrhosis
salmonella
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.9647
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