Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9
Drowsiness detection systems play a crucial role in safe driving, considering the high rate of traffic accidents caused mainly by drowsiness. Several drowsiness detection systems built using the eye aspect ratio (EAR), percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS), and convolutional neural network (CNN) me...
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Universitas Gadjah Mada
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JNTETI/article/view/18701 |
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| author | Fernando Candra Yulianto Wiwit Agus Triyanto Syafiul Muzid |
| author_facet | Fernando Candra Yulianto Wiwit Agus Triyanto Syafiul Muzid |
| author_sort | Fernando Candra Yulianto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drowsiness detection systems play a crucial role in safe driving, considering the high rate of traffic accidents caused mainly by drowsiness. Several drowsiness detection systems built using the eye aspect ratio (EAR), percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS), and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods still have limitations in terms of accuracy and response time. This study aimed to overcome these problems by applying the You Only Look Once version 9 (YOLOv9). This method has advantages in terms of speed and accuracy because it can detect objects in real-time in one processing stage. The dataset was collected independently from several sources in a real environment inside the vehicle with various lighting and viewing angles; then, labeling, preprocessing, and modeling processes were conducted. The model performance was evaluated based on precision, recall, F1 score, and mean average precision (mAP) metrics. The best model was optimized using several optimization techniques to determine the most optimal results. The results indicate that the YOLOv9 model trained using Nesterov-accelerated adaptive moment estimation (Nadam) optimization has a better image processing speed than other models. This model yielded a precision, recall, F1 score, mAP@50, mAP@50, mAP@50-95, and processing speed of 99.4%, 99.6%, 99.5%, 99.5%, 85.5%, and 52.08 FPS, respectively. The developed model can detect drivers’ drowsiness signs, such as closed eyes, yawning, abnormal head positions, and unnatural hand movements, in real time. However, this model still has limitations in detecting drivers wearing sunglasses, so further development is needed to improve its performance in these conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-36fea494f6ce4dce8fc18f735cee5355 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2301-4156 2460-5719 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi |
| spelling | doaj-art-36fea494f6ce4dce8fc18f735cee53552025-08-20T02:40:36ZengUniversitas Gadjah MadaJurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi2301-41562460-57192025-05-0114215416010.22146/jnteti.v14i2.1870118701Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9Fernando Candra Yulianto0Wiwit Agus Triyanto1Syafiul Muzid2Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Muria Kudus University, Kudus, Jawa Tengah 59352, IndonesiaDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Muria Kudus University, Kudus, Jawa Tengah 59352, IndonesiaDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Muria Kudus University, Kudus, Jawa Tengah 59352, IndonesiaDrowsiness detection systems play a crucial role in safe driving, considering the high rate of traffic accidents caused mainly by drowsiness. Several drowsiness detection systems built using the eye aspect ratio (EAR), percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS), and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods still have limitations in terms of accuracy and response time. This study aimed to overcome these problems by applying the You Only Look Once version 9 (YOLOv9). This method has advantages in terms of speed and accuracy because it can detect objects in real-time in one processing stage. The dataset was collected independently from several sources in a real environment inside the vehicle with various lighting and viewing angles; then, labeling, preprocessing, and modeling processes were conducted. The model performance was evaluated based on precision, recall, F1 score, and mean average precision (mAP) metrics. The best model was optimized using several optimization techniques to determine the most optimal results. The results indicate that the YOLOv9 model trained using Nesterov-accelerated adaptive moment estimation (Nadam) optimization has a better image processing speed than other models. This model yielded a precision, recall, F1 score, mAP@50, mAP@50, mAP@50-95, and processing speed of 99.4%, 99.6%, 99.5%, 99.5%, 85.5%, and 52.08 FPS, respectively. The developed model can detect drivers’ drowsiness signs, such as closed eyes, yawning, abnormal head positions, and unnatural hand movements, in real time. However, this model still has limitations in detecting drivers wearing sunglasses, so further development is needed to improve its performance in these conditions.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JNTETI/article/view/18701safe drivingdrowsiness detection systemyolov9real-time object detection |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Candra Yulianto Wiwit Agus Triyanto Syafiul Muzid Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9 Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi safe driving drowsiness detection system yolov9 real-time object detection |
| title | Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9 |
| title_full | Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9 |
| title_fullStr | Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9 |
| title_short | Developing a Drowsiness Detection System for Safe Driving Using YOLOv9 |
| title_sort | developing a drowsiness detection system for safe driving using yolov9 |
| topic | safe driving drowsiness detection system yolov9 real-time object detection |
| url | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JNTETI/article/view/18701 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fernandocandrayulianto developingadrowsinessdetectionsystemforsafedrivingusingyolov9 AT wiwitagustriyanto developingadrowsinessdetectionsystemforsafedrivingusingyolov9 AT syafiulmuzid developingadrowsinessdetectionsystemforsafedrivingusingyolov9 |