Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental Water

A covalent organic framework (COF) based on imine was synthesized using 2,5-dihexoxyterephthalaldehyde (DHT) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) as starting materials. The TAPB-DHT-COF exhibited satisfactory chemical stability, making it a promising adsorbing material for stir bar sorptive...

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Main Authors: Jianing Sun, Xixi Lian, Lianzhi Wang, Zhengchao Duan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5763
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author Jianing Sun
Xixi Lian
Lianzhi Wang
Zhengchao Duan
author_facet Jianing Sun
Xixi Lian
Lianzhi Wang
Zhengchao Duan
author_sort Jianing Sun
collection DOAJ
description A covalent organic framework (COF) based on imine was synthesized using 2,5-dihexoxyterephthalaldehyde (DHT) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) as starting materials. The TAPB-DHT-COF exhibited satisfactory chemical stability, making it a promising adsorbing material for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of four estrogens, including estrone (E1), β-estradiol (E2), hexestrol (HES), and mestranol (MeEE2), in ambient water samples. The extracted analytes were subsequently analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). A series of parameters affecting the SBSE process, such as solution pH, ionic strength, extraction time, and desorption solvent, were investigated by the controlled variable method. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) for the four targeted estrogens ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 µg/L, with a linear range from 0.2 to 100 µg/L. The observed enrichment factor (EF) ranged from 39 to 49, while the theoretical EF was estimated to be 50-fold. This methodology can be applied to the identification of estrogens in three environmental water samples.
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spelling doaj-art-36f93e8b2cff48839c4a5afb7880e4512025-08-20T02:38:36ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-012923576310.3390/molecules29235763Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental WaterJianing Sun0Xixi Lian1Lianzhi Wang2Zhengchao Duan3School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, ChinaA covalent organic framework (COF) based on imine was synthesized using 2,5-dihexoxyterephthalaldehyde (DHT) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) as starting materials. The TAPB-DHT-COF exhibited satisfactory chemical stability, making it a promising adsorbing material for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of four estrogens, including estrone (E1), β-estradiol (E2), hexestrol (HES), and mestranol (MeEE2), in ambient water samples. The extracted analytes were subsequently analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). A series of parameters affecting the SBSE process, such as solution pH, ionic strength, extraction time, and desorption solvent, were investigated by the controlled variable method. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) for the four targeted estrogens ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 µg/L, with a linear range from 0.2 to 100 µg/L. The observed enrichment factor (EF) ranged from 39 to 49, while the theoretical EF was estimated to be 50-fold. This methodology can be applied to the identification of estrogens in three environmental water samples.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5763covalent organic frameworkestrogensstir bar sorptive extractionhigh-performance liquid chromatographyenvironmental water samples
spellingShingle Jianing Sun
Xixi Lian
Lianzhi Wang
Zhengchao Duan
Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental Water
Molecules
covalent organic framework
estrogens
stir bar sorptive extraction
high-performance liquid chromatography
environmental water samples
title Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental Water
title_full Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental Water
title_fullStr Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental Water
title_full_unstemmed Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental Water
title_short Development and Application of a Robust Imine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction of Estrogens in Environmental Water
title_sort development and application of a robust imine based covalent organic framework for stir bar sorptive extraction of estrogens in environmental water
topic covalent organic framework
estrogens
stir bar sorptive extraction
high-performance liquid chromatography
environmental water samples
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5763
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AT lianzhiwang developmentandapplicationofarobustiminebasedcovalentorganicframeworkforstirbarsorptiveextractionofestrogensinenvironmentalwater
AT zhengchaoduan developmentandapplicationofarobustiminebasedcovalentorganicframeworkforstirbarsorptiveextractionofestrogensinenvironmentalwater