Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?

Abstract Invasive species have established populations around the world and, in the process, characteristics of their realized environmental niches have changed. Because of their popularity as a source of game, deer have been introduced to, and become invasive in, many different environments around...

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Main Authors: Catherine L. Kelly, Iain J. Gordon, Lin Schwarzkopf, Anna Pintor, Anthony Pople, Ben T. Hirsch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-07-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10251
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author Catherine L. Kelly
Iain J. Gordon
Lin Schwarzkopf
Anna Pintor
Anthony Pople
Ben T. Hirsch
author_facet Catherine L. Kelly
Iain J. Gordon
Lin Schwarzkopf
Anna Pintor
Anthony Pople
Ben T. Hirsch
author_sort Catherine L. Kelly
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Invasive species have established populations around the world and, in the process, characteristics of their realized environmental niches have changed. Because of their popularity as a source of game, deer have been introduced to, and become invasive in, many different environments around the world. As such, deer should provide a good model system in which to test environmental niche shifts. Using the current distributions of the six deer species present in Australia, we quantified shifts in their environmental niches that occurred since introduction; we determined the differences in suitable habitat between their international (native and invaded) and their Australian ranges. Given knowledge of their Australian habitat use, we then modeled the present distribution of deer in Australia to assess habitat suitability, in an attempt to predict future deer distributions. We show that the Australian niches of hog (Axis porcinus), fallow (Dama dama), red (Cervus elaphus), rusa (C. timorensis), and sambar deer (C. unicolor), but not chital deer (A. axis), were different to their international ranges. When we quantified the potential range of these six species in Australia, chital, hog, and rusa deer had the largest areas of suitable habitat outside their presently occupied habitat. The other three species had already expanded outside the ranges that we predicted as suitable. Here, we demonstrate that deer have undergone significant environmental niche shifts following introduction into Australia, and these shifts are important for predicting the future spread of these invasive species. It is important to note that current Australian and international environmental niches did not necessarily predict range expansions, thus wildlife managers should treat these analyses as conservative estimates.
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spelling doaj-art-36ee52bc531e4d4f8ddb04d7c1ba97532025-08-20T03:01:35ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582023-07-01137n/an/a10.1002/ece3.10251Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?Catherine L. Kelly0Iain J. Gordon1Lin Schwarzkopf2Anna Pintor3Anthony Pople4Ben T. Hirsch5College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaFenner School of Environment & Society Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaDepartment of Agriculture and Fisheries Brisbane Queensland AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaAbstract Invasive species have established populations around the world and, in the process, characteristics of their realized environmental niches have changed. Because of their popularity as a source of game, deer have been introduced to, and become invasive in, many different environments around the world. As such, deer should provide a good model system in which to test environmental niche shifts. Using the current distributions of the six deer species present in Australia, we quantified shifts in their environmental niches that occurred since introduction; we determined the differences in suitable habitat between their international (native and invaded) and their Australian ranges. Given knowledge of their Australian habitat use, we then modeled the present distribution of deer in Australia to assess habitat suitability, in an attempt to predict future deer distributions. We show that the Australian niches of hog (Axis porcinus), fallow (Dama dama), red (Cervus elaphus), rusa (C. timorensis), and sambar deer (C. unicolor), but not chital deer (A. axis), were different to their international ranges. When we quantified the potential range of these six species in Australia, chital, hog, and rusa deer had the largest areas of suitable habitat outside their presently occupied habitat. The other three species had already expanded outside the ranges that we predicted as suitable. Here, we demonstrate that deer have undergone significant environmental niche shifts following introduction into Australia, and these shifts are important for predicting the future spread of these invasive species. It is important to note that current Australian and international environmental niches did not necessarily predict range expansions, thus wildlife managers should treat these analyses as conservative estimates.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10251Cervidaefuture spreadinvasive speciesniche shiftsspecies distribution modeling
spellingShingle Catherine L. Kelly
Iain J. Gordon
Lin Schwarzkopf
Anna Pintor
Anthony Pople
Ben T. Hirsch
Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?
Ecology and Evolution
Cervidae
future spread
invasive species
niche shifts
species distribution modeling
title Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?
title_full Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?
title_fullStr Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?
title_full_unstemmed Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?
title_short Invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in Australia: Where to from here?
title_sort invasive wild deer exhibit environmental niche shifts in australia where to from here
topic Cervidae
future spread
invasive species
niche shifts
species distribution modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10251
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