Does the method of weight loss effect long-term changes in weight, body composition or chronic disease risk factors in overweight or obese adults? A systematic review.

<h4>Background</h4>Differences in biological changes from weight loss by energy restriction and/or exercise may be associated with differences in long-term weight loss/regain.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the effect of weight loss method on long-term changes in weight, body com...

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Main Authors: Richard A Washburn, Amanda N Szabo, Kate Lambourne, Erik A Willis, Lauren T Ptomey, Jeffery J Honas, Stephen D Herrmann, Joseph E Donnelly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109849
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Summary:<h4>Background</h4>Differences in biological changes from weight loss by energy restriction and/or exercise may be associated with differences in long-term weight loss/regain.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the effect of weight loss method on long-term changes in weight, body composition and chronic disease risk factors.<h4>Data sources</h4>PubMed and Embase were searched (January 1990-October 2013) for studies with data on the effect of energy restriction, exercise (aerobic and resistance) on long-term weight loss. Twenty articles were included in this review.<h4>Study eligibility criteria</h4>Primary source, peer reviewed randomized trials published in English with an active weight loss period of >6 months, or active weight loss with a follow-up period of any duration, conducted in overweight or obese adults were included.<h4>Study appraisal and synthesis methods</h4>Considerable heterogeneity across trials existed for important study parameters, therefore a meta-analysis was considered inappropriate. Results were synthesized and grouped by comparisons (e.g. diet vs. aerobic exercise, diet vs. diet + aerobic exercise etc.) and study design (long-term or weight loss/follow-up).<h4>Results</h4>Forty percent of trials reported significantly greater long-term weight loss with diet compared with aerobic exercise, while results for differences in weight regain were inconclusive. Diet+aerobic exercise resulted in significantly greater weight loss than diet alone in 50% of trials. However, weight regain (∼ 55% of loss) was similar in diet and diet+aerobic exercise groups. Fat-free mass tended to be preserved when interventions included exercise.
ISSN:1932-6203