Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectives

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) poses a significant health threat in North-East India, with seasonal outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Studies report an incidence rate of approximately 4.4 cases per 100,000 population annually. The disease's neuroinvasive nature leads to severe...

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Main Authors: Moksood Ahmed Laskar, Priyam Jyoti Das, Mrinmoy Basak, Juganta Kumar Kalita, Santa Mandal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:The Microbe
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625001256
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author Moksood Ahmed Laskar
Priyam Jyoti Das
Mrinmoy Basak
Juganta Kumar Kalita
Santa Mandal
author_facet Moksood Ahmed Laskar
Priyam Jyoti Das
Mrinmoy Basak
Juganta Kumar Kalita
Santa Mandal
author_sort Moksood Ahmed Laskar
collection DOAJ
description Japanese Encephalitis (JE) poses a significant health threat in North-East India, with seasonal outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Studies report an incidence rate of approximately 4.4 cases per 100,000 population annually. The disease's neuroinvasive nature leads to severe neurological complications, with mortality rates ranging from 20 % to 30 %. Understanding JE's epidemiology is crucial; for instance, a study found that 85 % of cases occurred in rural areas. JE targets neurons in the central nervous system, resulting in neuronal death and inflammation. Management involves supportive care, with antiviral drugs like ribavirin showing promise in reducing mortality. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention, with the live attenuated JE vaccine demonstrating over 90 % efficacy. However, challenges such as vaccine coverage gaps persist, emphasizing the need for improved surveillance and vaccine accessibility to mitigate JE's impact in North-East India. This study provides insights into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management perspectives of JE in the region, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches to combat this public health threat.
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series The Microbe
spelling doaj-art-36d553e1bb954b37851fbf59ab63f3f42025-08-20T02:20:11ZengElsevierThe Microbe2950-19462025-06-01710035710.1016/j.microb.2025.100357Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectivesMoksood Ahmed Laskar0Priyam Jyoti Das1Mrinmoy Basak2Juganta Kumar Kalita3Santa Mandal4Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, IndiaCorresponding author.; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, IndiaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, IndiaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, IndiaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, IndiaJapanese Encephalitis (JE) poses a significant health threat in North-East India, with seasonal outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Studies report an incidence rate of approximately 4.4 cases per 100,000 population annually. The disease's neuroinvasive nature leads to severe neurological complications, with mortality rates ranging from 20 % to 30 %. Understanding JE's epidemiology is crucial; for instance, a study found that 85 % of cases occurred in rural areas. JE targets neurons in the central nervous system, resulting in neuronal death and inflammation. Management involves supportive care, with antiviral drugs like ribavirin showing promise in reducing mortality. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention, with the live attenuated JE vaccine demonstrating over 90 % efficacy. However, challenges such as vaccine coverage gaps persist, emphasizing the need for improved surveillance and vaccine accessibility to mitigate JE's impact in North-East India. This study provides insights into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management perspectives of JE in the region, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches to combat this public health threat.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625001256Japanese EncephalitisNorth-EastPharmacotherapeuticsManagement
spellingShingle Moksood Ahmed Laskar
Priyam Jyoti Das
Mrinmoy Basak
Juganta Kumar Kalita
Santa Mandal
Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectives
The Microbe
Japanese Encephalitis
North-East
Pharmacotherapeutics
Management
title Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectives
title_full Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectives
title_fullStr Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectives
title_short Japanese encephalitis in north-east, India: Pharmacotherapeutic perspectives
title_sort japanese encephalitis in north east india pharmacotherapeutic perspectives
topic Japanese Encephalitis
North-East
Pharmacotherapeutics
Management
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625001256
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