Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based Modeling

Pancreatic cancer is frequently accompanied by cancer-associated cachexia, a debilitating metabolic syndrome marked by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and systemic metabolic dysfunction. This study presents a systems biology framework to simultaneously identify therapeutic targets for both pancr...

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Main Authors: Feng-Sheng Wang, Ching-Kai Wu, Kuang-Tse Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3200
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author Feng-Sheng Wang
Ching-Kai Wu
Kuang-Tse Huang
author_facet Feng-Sheng Wang
Ching-Kai Wu
Kuang-Tse Huang
author_sort Feng-Sheng Wang
collection DOAJ
description Pancreatic cancer is frequently accompanied by cancer-associated cachexia, a debilitating metabolic syndrome marked by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and systemic metabolic dysfunction. This study presents a systems biology framework to simultaneously identify therapeutic targets for both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its associated cachexia (PDAC-CX), using cell-specific genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs). The human metabolic network Recon3D was extended to include protein synthesis, degradation, and recycling pathways for key inflammatory and structural proteins. These enhancements enabled the reconstruction of cell-specific GSMMs for PDAC and PDAC-CX, and their respective healthy counterparts, based on transcriptomic datasets. Medium-independent metabolic biomarkers were identified through Parsimonious Metabolite Flow Variability Analysis and differential expression analysis across five nutritional conditions. A fuzzy multi-objective optimization framework was employed within the anticancer target discovery platform to evaluate cell viability and metabolic deviation as dual criteria for assessing therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects. While single-enzyme targets were found to be context-specific and medium-dependent, eight combinatorial targets demonstrated robust, medium-independent effects in both PDAC and PDAC-CX cells. These include the knockout of SLC29A2, SGMS1, CRLS1, and the RNF20–RNF40 complex, alongside upregulation of CERK and PIKFYVE. The proposed integrative strategy offers novel therapeutic avenues that address both tumor progression and cancer-associated cachexia, with improved specificity and reduced off-target effects, thereby contributing to translational oncology.
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spelling doaj-art-36d46371b2004303a9c82972277458b72025-08-20T03:02:49ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013015320010.3390/molecules30153200Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based ModelingFeng-Sheng Wang0Ching-Kai Wu1Kuang-Tse Huang2Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, TaiwanPancreatic cancer is frequently accompanied by cancer-associated cachexia, a debilitating metabolic syndrome marked by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and systemic metabolic dysfunction. This study presents a systems biology framework to simultaneously identify therapeutic targets for both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its associated cachexia (PDAC-CX), using cell-specific genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs). The human metabolic network Recon3D was extended to include protein synthesis, degradation, and recycling pathways for key inflammatory and structural proteins. These enhancements enabled the reconstruction of cell-specific GSMMs for PDAC and PDAC-CX, and their respective healthy counterparts, based on transcriptomic datasets. Medium-independent metabolic biomarkers were identified through Parsimonious Metabolite Flow Variability Analysis and differential expression analysis across five nutritional conditions. A fuzzy multi-objective optimization framework was employed within the anticancer target discovery platform to evaluate cell viability and metabolic deviation as dual criteria for assessing therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects. While single-enzyme targets were found to be context-specific and medium-dependent, eight combinatorial targets demonstrated robust, medium-independent effects in both PDAC and PDAC-CX cells. These include the knockout of SLC29A2, SGMS1, CRLS1, and the RNF20–RNF40 complex, alongside upregulation of CERK and PIKFYVE. The proposed integrative strategy offers novel therapeutic avenues that address both tumor progression and cancer-associated cachexia, with improved specificity and reduced off-target effects, thereby contributing to translational oncology.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3200constraint-based modelingcancer metabolismdrug target discoverybiomarker identificationfuzzy optimizationnested hybrid differential evolution
spellingShingle Feng-Sheng Wang
Ching-Kai Wu
Kuang-Tse Huang
Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based Modeling
Molecules
constraint-based modeling
cancer metabolism
drug target discovery
biomarker identification
fuzzy optimization
nested hybrid differential evolution
title Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based Modeling
title_full Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based Modeling
title_fullStr Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based Modeling
title_full_unstemmed Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based Modeling
title_short Identification of Anticancer Target Combinations to Treat Pancreatic Cancer and Its Associated Cachexia Using Constraint-Based Modeling
title_sort identification of anticancer target combinations to treat pancreatic cancer and its associated cachexia using constraint based modeling
topic constraint-based modeling
cancer metabolism
drug target discovery
biomarker identification
fuzzy optimization
nested hybrid differential evolution
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3200
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AT chingkaiwu identificationofanticancertargetcombinationstotreatpancreaticcanceranditsassociatedcachexiausingconstraintbasedmodeling
AT kuangtsehuang identificationofanticancertargetcombinationstotreatpancreaticcanceranditsassociatedcachexiausingconstraintbasedmodeling