Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect
Abstract The escalating demands of compute-intensive applications urgently necessitate the adoption of optical interconnect technologies to overcome bottlenecks in scaling computing systems. This requires fully exploiting the inherent parallelism of light across scalable dimensions for data loading....
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Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57689-7 |
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| author | Aolong Sun Sizhe Xing Xuyu Deng Ruoyu Shen An Yan Fangchen Hu Yuqin Yuan Boyu Dong Junhao Zhao Ouhan Huang Ziwei Li Jianyang Shi Yingjun Zhou Chao Shen Yiheng Zhao Bingzhou Hong Wei Chu Junwen Zhang Haiwen Cai Nan Chi |
| author_facet | Aolong Sun Sizhe Xing Xuyu Deng Ruoyu Shen An Yan Fangchen Hu Yuqin Yuan Boyu Dong Junhao Zhao Ouhan Huang Ziwei Li Jianyang Shi Yingjun Zhou Chao Shen Yiheng Zhao Bingzhou Hong Wei Chu Junwen Zhang Haiwen Cai Nan Chi |
| author_sort | Aolong Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The escalating demands of compute-intensive applications urgently necessitate the adoption of optical interconnect technologies to overcome bottlenecks in scaling computing systems. This requires fully exploiting the inherent parallelism of light across scalable dimensions for data loading. Here we experimentally demonstrate a synergy of wavelength- and mode- multiplexing combined with high-order modulation formats to achieve multi-tens-of-terabits-per-second optical interconnects using foundry-compatible silicon photonic circuits. Implementing an edge-guided analog-and-digital optimization method that integrates high efficiency with fabrication robustness, we achieve the inverse design of mode multiplexers based on digital metamaterial waveguides. Furthermore, we employ a packaged five-mode multiplexing chip, achieving a single-wavelength interconnect capacity of 1.62 Tbit s− 1 and a record-setting multi-dimensional interconnect capacity of 38.2 Tbit s− 1 across 5 modes and 88 wavelength channels, with high-order formats up to 8-ary pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM). This study highlights the transformative potential of optical interconnect technologies to surmount the constraints of electronic links, thus setting the stage for next-generation datacenter and optical compute interconnects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-36d3e0a056ab4e4f90c59729df10ffcd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-36d3e0a056ab4e4f90c59729df10ffcd2025-08-20T03:02:21ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-57689-7Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnectAolong Sun0Sizhe Xing1Xuyu Deng2Ruoyu Shen3An Yan4Fangchen Hu5Yuqin Yuan6Boyu Dong7Junhao Zhao8Ouhan Huang9Ziwei Li10Jianyang Shi11Yingjun Zhou12Chao Shen13Yiheng Zhao14Bingzhou Hong15Wei Chu16Junwen Zhang17Haiwen Cai18Nan Chi19School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversityZhangjiang LaboratorySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversitySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversityZhangjiang LaboratoryZhangjiang LaboratoryZhangjiang LaboratorySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversityZhangjiang LaboratorySchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan UniversityAbstract The escalating demands of compute-intensive applications urgently necessitate the adoption of optical interconnect technologies to overcome bottlenecks in scaling computing systems. This requires fully exploiting the inherent parallelism of light across scalable dimensions for data loading. Here we experimentally demonstrate a synergy of wavelength- and mode- multiplexing combined with high-order modulation formats to achieve multi-tens-of-terabits-per-second optical interconnects using foundry-compatible silicon photonic circuits. Implementing an edge-guided analog-and-digital optimization method that integrates high efficiency with fabrication robustness, we achieve the inverse design of mode multiplexers based on digital metamaterial waveguides. Furthermore, we employ a packaged five-mode multiplexing chip, achieving a single-wavelength interconnect capacity of 1.62 Tbit s− 1 and a record-setting multi-dimensional interconnect capacity of 38.2 Tbit s− 1 across 5 modes and 88 wavelength channels, with high-order formats up to 8-ary pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM). This study highlights the transformative potential of optical interconnect technologies to surmount the constraints of electronic links, thus setting the stage for next-generation datacenter and optical compute interconnects.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57689-7 |
| spellingShingle | Aolong Sun Sizhe Xing Xuyu Deng Ruoyu Shen An Yan Fangchen Hu Yuqin Yuan Boyu Dong Junhao Zhao Ouhan Huang Ziwei Li Jianyang Shi Yingjun Zhou Chao Shen Yiheng Zhao Bingzhou Hong Wei Chu Junwen Zhang Haiwen Cai Nan Chi Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect Nature Communications |
| title | Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect |
| title_full | Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect |
| title_fullStr | Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect |
| title_short | Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect |
| title_sort | edge guided inverse design of digital metamaterial based mode multiplexers for high capacity multi dimensional optical interconnect |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57689-7 |
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