A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp

Abstract Background Carnivorous insects have evolved a range of prey and host capture mechanisms. However, insect predation strategies in the fossil record remain poorly understood. Results Here, we describe †Sirenobethylus charybdis n. gen. & sp., based on sixteen adult female wasps in Kachin a...

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Main Authors: Qiong Wu, Lars Vilhelmsen, Xiaoqin Li, De Zhuo, Dong Ren, Taiping Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02190-2
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author Qiong Wu
Lars Vilhelmsen
Xiaoqin Li
De Zhuo
Dong Ren
Taiping Gao
author_facet Qiong Wu
Lars Vilhelmsen
Xiaoqin Li
De Zhuo
Dong Ren
Taiping Gao
author_sort Qiong Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Carnivorous insects have evolved a range of prey and host capture mechanisms. However, insect predation strategies in the fossil record remain poorly understood. Results Here, we describe †Sirenobethylus charybdis n. gen. & sp., based on sixteen adult female wasps in Kachin amber from the mid-Cretaceous, 99 Mya (million years ago), and place it in Chrysidoidea: †Sirenobethylidae n. fam. The fossils display unique morphological modifications on the tip of the abdomen consisting of three flaps from the modified abdominal sternum 6 and tergum and sternum 7; the lower flap formed from sternum 6 is preserved in different positions relative to the other flaps in different specimens, indicating that they form some sort of grasping apparatus. Nothing similar is known from any other insect; the rounded abdominal apparatus, combined with the setae along the edges, is reminiscent of a Venus flytrap. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new family is a separate lineage close to the base of Chrysidoidea. Conclusions †Sirenobethylus probably was a koinobiont parasitoid wasp; the abdominal grasping apparatus may have been used to temporarily immobilize the host during oviposition. The new fossils suggest that Chrysidoidea displayed a wider range of parasitoid strategies in the mid-Cretaceous than they do today.
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issn 1741-7007
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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spelling doaj-art-36d19a712e0145239cd485cf5752bd632025-08-20T02:49:06ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072025-03-012311910.1186/s12915-025-02190-2A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil waspQiong Wu0Lars Vilhelmsen1Xiaoqin Li2De Zhuo3Dong Ren4Taiping Gao5College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityNatural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of CopenhagenCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing Xiachong Amber MuseumCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityAbstract Background Carnivorous insects have evolved a range of prey and host capture mechanisms. However, insect predation strategies in the fossil record remain poorly understood. Results Here, we describe †Sirenobethylus charybdis n. gen. & sp., based on sixteen adult female wasps in Kachin amber from the mid-Cretaceous, 99 Mya (million years ago), and place it in Chrysidoidea: †Sirenobethylidae n. fam. The fossils display unique morphological modifications on the tip of the abdomen consisting of three flaps from the modified abdominal sternum 6 and tergum and sternum 7; the lower flap formed from sternum 6 is preserved in different positions relative to the other flaps in different specimens, indicating that they form some sort of grasping apparatus. Nothing similar is known from any other insect; the rounded abdominal apparatus, combined with the setae along the edges, is reminiscent of a Venus flytrap. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new family is a separate lineage close to the base of Chrysidoidea. Conclusions †Sirenobethylus probably was a koinobiont parasitoid wasp; the abdominal grasping apparatus may have been used to temporarily immobilize the host during oviposition. The new fossils suggest that Chrysidoidea displayed a wider range of parasitoid strategies in the mid-Cretaceous than they do today.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02190-2SirenobethylidaeChrysidoideaMorphologyGrasping apparatusPhylogeny
spellingShingle Qiong Wu
Lars Vilhelmsen
Xiaoqin Li
De Zhuo
Dong Ren
Taiping Gao
A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp
BMC Biology
Sirenobethylidae
Chrysidoidea
Morphology
Grasping apparatus
Phylogeny
title A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp
title_full A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp
title_fullStr A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp
title_full_unstemmed A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp
title_short A cretaceous fly trap? remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp
title_sort cretaceous fly trap remarkable abdominal modification in a fossil wasp
topic Sirenobethylidae
Chrysidoidea
Morphology
Grasping apparatus
Phylogeny
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02190-2
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