Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy
The REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> Lite device was recently developed to support motor skill learning-based interventions, integrating both games/activities and assessment tools to enable home-based telerehabilitation. Given the importance of hand funct...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/662 |
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| author | Zélie Rosselli Merlin Somville Edouard Ducoffre Carlyne Arnould Geoffroy Saussez Yannick Bleyenheuft |
| author_facet | Zélie Rosselli Merlin Somville Edouard Ducoffre Carlyne Arnould Geoffroy Saussez Yannick Bleyenheuft |
| author_sort | Zélie Rosselli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> Lite device was recently developed to support motor skill learning-based interventions, integrating both games/activities and assessment tools to enable home-based telerehabilitation. Given the importance of hand functions in rehabilitation of patients with brain lesions, this study aimed to validate a virtual version of the Box and Block Test (vBBT) implemented in the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device. A total of 205 healthy participants, 37 post-stroke adults, and 37 children with cerebral palsy (CP) performed the standard BBT, various versions of the newly designed vBBT (with/without a separation wall; with 6, 4, and free zones) and the Tower of London test assessing executive function/planning abilities. Friedman’s ANOVA revealed significant differences between the BBT and all versions of the vBBT scores in healthy participants (all <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.001). However, the vBBT-4 zones showed the largest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with the BBT in healthy participants (0.58) and even higher correlations in participants with CP and stroke (>0.8). Only the vBBT-6 zones version showed a significant correlation with patients’ planning abilities (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.01; r = −0.28). These findings highlight the vBBT-4 zones as the most relevant version to assess hand dexterity directly with the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device, potentially within telerehabilitation modalities. Further normative data must be established. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-36bdce91e65d4eab8b89a4874eeda228 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-36bdce91e65d4eab8b89a4874eeda2282025-08-20T03:26:15ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-06-0112666210.3390/bioengineering12060662Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral PalsyZélie Rosselli0Merlin Somville1Edouard Ducoffre2Carlyne Arnould3Geoffroy Saussez4Yannick Bleyenheuft5MSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumMSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumForme & fonctionnement Humain (FfH) Laboratory, CeREF-Santé, Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 6061 Charleroi, BelgiumForme & fonctionnement Humain (FfH) Laboratory, CeREF-Santé, Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 6061 Charleroi, BelgiumMSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumMSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumThe REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> Lite device was recently developed to support motor skill learning-based interventions, integrating both games/activities and assessment tools to enable home-based telerehabilitation. Given the importance of hand functions in rehabilitation of patients with brain lesions, this study aimed to validate a virtual version of the Box and Block Test (vBBT) implemented in the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device. A total of 205 healthy participants, 37 post-stroke adults, and 37 children with cerebral palsy (CP) performed the standard BBT, various versions of the newly designed vBBT (with/without a separation wall; with 6, 4, and free zones) and the Tower of London test assessing executive function/planning abilities. Friedman’s ANOVA revealed significant differences between the BBT and all versions of the vBBT scores in healthy participants (all <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.001). However, the vBBT-4 zones showed the largest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with the BBT in healthy participants (0.58) and even higher correlations in participants with CP and stroke (>0.8). Only the vBBT-6 zones version showed a significant correlation with patients’ planning abilities (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.01; r = −0.28). These findings highlight the vBBT-4 zones as the most relevant version to assess hand dexterity directly with the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device, potentially within telerehabilitation modalities. Further normative data must be established.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/662patient outcome assessmentdexterityhand functionvirtual devicetelerehabilitationneurological disorder |
| spellingShingle | Zélie Rosselli Merlin Somville Edouard Ducoffre Carlyne Arnould Geoffroy Saussez Yannick Bleyenheuft Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy Bioengineering patient outcome assessment dexterity hand function virtual device telerehabilitation neurological disorder |
| title | Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy |
| title_full | Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy |
| title_fullStr | Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy |
| title_short | Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy |
| title_sort | development and validation of a virtual version of the box and block test to assess manual dexterity at home for adults with stroke and children with cerebral palsy |
| topic | patient outcome assessment dexterity hand function virtual device telerehabilitation neurological disorder |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/662 |
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