Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy

The REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> Lite device was recently developed to support motor skill learning-based interventions, integrating both games/activities and assessment tools to enable home-based telerehabilitation. Given the importance of hand funct...

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Main Authors: Zélie Rosselli, Merlin Somville, Edouard Ducoffre, Carlyne Arnould, Geoffroy Saussez, Yannick Bleyenheuft
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Bioengineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/662
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author Zélie Rosselli
Merlin Somville
Edouard Ducoffre
Carlyne Arnould
Geoffroy Saussez
Yannick Bleyenheuft
author_facet Zélie Rosselli
Merlin Somville
Edouard Ducoffre
Carlyne Arnould
Geoffroy Saussez
Yannick Bleyenheuft
author_sort Zélie Rosselli
collection DOAJ
description The REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> Lite device was recently developed to support motor skill learning-based interventions, integrating both games/activities and assessment tools to enable home-based telerehabilitation. Given the importance of hand functions in rehabilitation of patients with brain lesions, this study aimed to validate a virtual version of the Box and Block Test (vBBT) implemented in the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device. A total of 205 healthy participants, 37 post-stroke adults, and 37 children with cerebral palsy (CP) performed the standard BBT, various versions of the newly designed vBBT (with/without a separation wall; with 6, 4, and free zones) and the Tower of London test assessing executive function/planning abilities. Friedman’s ANOVA revealed significant differences between the BBT and all versions of the vBBT scores in healthy participants (all <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.001). However, the vBBT-4 zones showed the largest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with the BBT in healthy participants (0.58) and even higher correlations in participants with CP and stroke (>0.8). Only the vBBT-6 zones version showed a significant correlation with patients’ planning abilities (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.01; r = −0.28). These findings highlight the vBBT-4 zones as the most relevant version to assess hand dexterity directly with the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device, potentially within telerehabilitation modalities. Further normative data must be established.
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spelling doaj-art-36bdce91e65d4eab8b89a4874eeda2282025-08-20T03:26:15ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-06-0112666210.3390/bioengineering12060662Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral PalsyZélie Rosselli0Merlin Somville1Edouard Ducoffre2Carlyne Arnould3Geoffroy Saussez4Yannick Bleyenheuft5MSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumMSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumForme & fonctionnement Humain (FfH) Laboratory, CeREF-Santé, Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 6061 Charleroi, BelgiumForme & fonctionnement Humain (FfH) Laboratory, CeREF-Santé, Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, 6061 Charleroi, BelgiumMSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumMSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, BelgiumThe REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> Lite device was recently developed to support motor skill learning-based interventions, integrating both games/activities and assessment tools to enable home-based telerehabilitation. Given the importance of hand functions in rehabilitation of patients with brain lesions, this study aimed to validate a virtual version of the Box and Block Test (vBBT) implemented in the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device. A total of 205 healthy participants, 37 post-stroke adults, and 37 children with cerebral palsy (CP) performed the standard BBT, various versions of the newly designed vBBT (with/without a separation wall; with 6, 4, and free zones) and the Tower of London test assessing executive function/planning abilities. Friedman’s ANOVA revealed significant differences between the BBT and all versions of the vBBT scores in healthy participants (all <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.001). However, the vBBT-4 zones showed the largest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with the BBT in healthy participants (0.58) and even higher correlations in participants with CP and stroke (>0.8). Only the vBBT-6 zones version showed a significant correlation with patients’ planning abilities (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.01; r = −0.28). These findings highlight the vBBT-4 zones as the most relevant version to assess hand dexterity directly with the REAtouch<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">®</sup> device, potentially within telerehabilitation modalities. Further normative data must be established.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/662patient outcome assessmentdexterityhand functionvirtual devicetelerehabilitationneurological disorder
spellingShingle Zélie Rosselli
Merlin Somville
Edouard Ducoffre
Carlyne Arnould
Geoffroy Saussez
Yannick Bleyenheuft
Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy
Bioengineering
patient outcome assessment
dexterity
hand function
virtual device
telerehabilitation
neurological disorder
title Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_full Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_fullStr Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_short Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy
title_sort development and validation of a virtual version of the box and block test to assess manual dexterity at home for adults with stroke and children with cerebral palsy
topic patient outcome assessment
dexterity
hand function
virtual device
telerehabilitation
neurological disorder
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/662
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