Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning

Abstract Tai Chi, an Asian martial art, is renowned for its health benefits, particularly in promoting healthy aging among older adults, improving balance, and reducing fall risk. However, methodological challenges hinder the objective measurement of adherence to and proficiency in performing a trai...

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Main Authors: Giulia Corniani, Stefano Sapienza, Gloria Vergara-Diaz, Andrea Valerio, Ashkan Vaziri, Paolo Bonato, Peter M. Wayne
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93979-2
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author Giulia Corniani
Stefano Sapienza
Gloria Vergara-Diaz
Andrea Valerio
Ashkan Vaziri
Paolo Bonato
Peter M. Wayne
author_facet Giulia Corniani
Stefano Sapienza
Gloria Vergara-Diaz
Andrea Valerio
Ashkan Vaziri
Paolo Bonato
Peter M. Wayne
author_sort Giulia Corniani
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tai Chi, an Asian martial art, is renowned for its health benefits, particularly in promoting healthy aging among older adults, improving balance, and reducing fall risk. However, methodological challenges hinder the objective measurement of adherence to and proficiency in performing a training protocol, critical for health outcomes. This study introduces a framework using wearable sensors and machine learning to monitor Tai Chi training adherence and proficiency. Data were collected from 32 participants with inertial measurement units (IMUs) while performing six Tai Chi movements evaluated and scored for adherence and proficiency by experts. Our framework comprises a model for identifying the specific Tai Chi movement being performed and a model to assess performance proficiency, both employing Random Forest algorithms and features from IMU signals. The movement identification model achieved a micro F1 score of 90.05%. The proficiency assessment models achieved a mean micro F1 score of 78.64%. This study shows the feasibility of using IMUs and machine learning for detailed Tai Chi movement analysis, offering a scalable method for monitoring practice. This approach has the potential to objectively enhance the evaluation of Tai Chi training protocol adherence, learnability, progression in proficiency, and safety in Tai Chi programs, and thus inform training program parameters that are key to achieving optimal clinical outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-36b88e72687a48fca75c587fd4d2edfd2025-08-20T02:49:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-93979-2Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learningGiulia Corniani0Stefano Sapienza1Gloria Vergara-Diaz2Andrea Valerio3Ashkan Vaziri4Paolo Bonato5Peter M. Wayne6Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di TorinoBioSensics LLCDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalOsher Center for Integrative Health, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s HospitalAbstract Tai Chi, an Asian martial art, is renowned for its health benefits, particularly in promoting healthy aging among older adults, improving balance, and reducing fall risk. However, methodological challenges hinder the objective measurement of adherence to and proficiency in performing a training protocol, critical for health outcomes. This study introduces a framework using wearable sensors and machine learning to monitor Tai Chi training adherence and proficiency. Data were collected from 32 participants with inertial measurement units (IMUs) while performing six Tai Chi movements evaluated and scored for adherence and proficiency by experts. Our framework comprises a model for identifying the specific Tai Chi movement being performed and a model to assess performance proficiency, both employing Random Forest algorithms and features from IMU signals. The movement identification model achieved a micro F1 score of 90.05%. The proficiency assessment models achieved a mean micro F1 score of 78.64%. This study shows the feasibility of using IMUs and machine learning for detailed Tai Chi movement analysis, offering a scalable method for monitoring practice. This approach has the potential to objectively enhance the evaluation of Tai Chi training protocol adherence, learnability, progression in proficiency, and safety in Tai Chi programs, and thus inform training program parameters that are key to achieving optimal clinical outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93979-2Tai ChiWearable sensorMachine learningHealthy agingFall prevention
spellingShingle Giulia Corniani
Stefano Sapienza
Gloria Vergara-Diaz
Andrea Valerio
Ashkan Vaziri
Paolo Bonato
Peter M. Wayne
Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning
Scientific Reports
Tai Chi
Wearable sensor
Machine learning
Healthy aging
Fall prevention
title Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning
title_full Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning
title_fullStr Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning
title_full_unstemmed Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning
title_short Remote monitoring of Tai Chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning
title_sort remote monitoring of tai chi balance training interventions in older adults using wearable sensors and machine learning
topic Tai Chi
Wearable sensor
Machine learning
Healthy aging
Fall prevention
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93979-2
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