Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020
Introduction The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a global public health challenge. This study examined the prevalence of population-level DBM, its demographic and socioeconomic determinants as well as the associations between anthropometric indicators of undernutrition and overnutrition, and...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| author | J Bernadette Moore Xiaodong Lin Louise Dye Van Khanh Tran Yun Yun Gong Xiaomian Tan Pui Yee Tan Somphos Vicheth Som Son Duy Nguyen Do Tranh Tran Nga Thuy Tran Samantha Caton Hannah Ensaff Geoffry Smith |
| author_facet | J Bernadette Moore Xiaodong Lin Louise Dye Van Khanh Tran Yun Yun Gong Xiaomian Tan Pui Yee Tan Somphos Vicheth Som Son Duy Nguyen Do Tranh Tran Nga Thuy Tran Samantha Caton Hannah Ensaff Geoffry Smith |
| author_sort | J Bernadette Moore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a global public health challenge. This study examined the prevalence of population-level DBM, its demographic and socioeconomic determinants as well as the associations between anthropometric indicators of undernutrition and overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs), among Vietnamese children, using the data from the nationally representative General Nutrition Survey 2020.Methods Data on anthropometric parameters, micronutrient biomarkers, demographic and socioeconomic indicators for 7289 children aged 6 months to 9 years were analysed. Determinants of malnutrition were assessed using logistic regressions, reported as OR with 95% CIs.Results At national level, 12.7%, 10.5% and 4.7% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted/thin, while 7.3% and 7.1% were overweight and obese, respectively. Low serum zinc, anaemia and iron deficiency were the common MNDs observed, affecting 53.1%, 15.2% and 13.9% of the study participants. Older children aged 2–4 years (OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.20, 1.72)), ethnic minorities (5.94 (3.78, 9.36)) and those living in mountainous areas (5.06 (1.18, 14.42)) had increased odds of stunting, whereas reduced odds were found in children from the richest quintile (0.13 (0.05, 0.32)). Similar determinants were associated with underweight and MNDs. Males (1.43 (1.16, 1.76)), children aged 5–9 years (10.02 (6.71, 14.97) and children from the richest quintile (2.91 (1.20, 7.05)) had increased odds of overweight. Children with anaemia, low serum retinol and low serum zinc had increased odds of stunting and underweight than non-micronutrient-deficient children (adjusted OR=1.43–1.71). Compared with children without MNDs, those with ≥3 MNDs had almost double the odds of stunting and underweight, whereas those with ≤3 MNDs had reduced odds of overweight (adjusted OR=0.38–0.60).Conclusions Significant demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in child malnutrition were identified. National policies and programmes in Vietnam should address age-specific, sex-specific, geographical and socioeconomic disparities to accelerate progress in reducing child malnutrition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3696738569644d84b317807d714d0260 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-3696738569644d84b317807d714d02602025-02-04T17:20:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Public Health2753-42942025-02-013110.1136/bmjph-2024-001177Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020J Bernadette Moore0Xiaodong Lin1Louise Dye2Van Khanh Tran3Yun Yun Gong4Xiaomian Tan5Pui Yee Tan6Somphos Vicheth Som7Son Duy Nguyen8Do Tranh Tran9Nga Thuy Tran10Samantha Caton11Hannah Ensaff12Geoffry Smith13School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UKDepartment of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dali University, Dali, ChinaHuman Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKDepartment of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UKSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UKSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UKSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands3 Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands4 Nutrition Surveillance and Policy Department, National Institution of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam5 Department of Micronutrient, National Institution of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam7 Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK1 School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK9 International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Southeast Asia Region, SingaporeIntroduction The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a global public health challenge. This study examined the prevalence of population-level DBM, its demographic and socioeconomic determinants as well as the associations between anthropometric indicators of undernutrition and overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs), among Vietnamese children, using the data from the nationally representative General Nutrition Survey 2020.Methods Data on anthropometric parameters, micronutrient biomarkers, demographic and socioeconomic indicators for 7289 children aged 6 months to 9 years were analysed. Determinants of malnutrition were assessed using logistic regressions, reported as OR with 95% CIs.Results At national level, 12.7%, 10.5% and 4.7% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted/thin, while 7.3% and 7.1% were overweight and obese, respectively. Low serum zinc, anaemia and iron deficiency were the common MNDs observed, affecting 53.1%, 15.2% and 13.9% of the study participants. Older children aged 2–4 years (OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.20, 1.72)), ethnic minorities (5.94 (3.78, 9.36)) and those living in mountainous areas (5.06 (1.18, 14.42)) had increased odds of stunting, whereas reduced odds were found in children from the richest quintile (0.13 (0.05, 0.32)). Similar determinants were associated with underweight and MNDs. Males (1.43 (1.16, 1.76)), children aged 5–9 years (10.02 (6.71, 14.97) and children from the richest quintile (2.91 (1.20, 7.05)) had increased odds of overweight. Children with anaemia, low serum retinol and low serum zinc had increased odds of stunting and underweight than non-micronutrient-deficient children (adjusted OR=1.43–1.71). Compared with children without MNDs, those with ≥3 MNDs had almost double the odds of stunting and underweight, whereas those with ≤3 MNDs had reduced odds of overweight (adjusted OR=0.38–0.60).Conclusions Significant demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in child malnutrition were identified. National policies and programmes in Vietnam should address age-specific, sex-specific, geographical and socioeconomic disparities to accelerate progress in reducing child malnutrition.https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001177.full |
| spellingShingle | J Bernadette Moore Xiaodong Lin Louise Dye Van Khanh Tran Yun Yun Gong Xiaomian Tan Pui Yee Tan Somphos Vicheth Som Son Duy Nguyen Do Tranh Tran Nga Thuy Tran Samantha Caton Hannah Ensaff Geoffry Smith Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020 BMJ Public Health |
| title | Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020 |
| title_full | Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020 |
| title_fullStr | Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020 |
| title_short | Demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years: findings from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020 |
| title_sort | demographic variation and socioeconomic inequalities in all forms of malnutrition among children aged 6 months to 9 years findings from the vietnamese general nutrition survey 2020 |
| url | https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001177.full |
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