Environmental cadmium exposure and the risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Environmental cadmium exposure and the risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

BackgroundRecent studies have investigated the relationship between cadmium exposure and kidney stones. Nevertheless, the results remain controversial. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis based on the latest evidence to address gaps in the research.MethodsMedl...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zheng-Ju Ren, Qin Zhang, Na-Xian Tang, Ya-Dong Li, Dong-Liang Lu, An-Long Lin, Chuan Yang, Feng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
kidney stones
cadmium exposure
heavy metal
systematic review
meta-analysis
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1555028/full
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