Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives

Stimuli responsive debonding-on-demand (DoD) reversible adhesives are of great interest for the circular economy. However, the reversible adhesives developed so far often lack competitive adhesion strength in a bonding state. In this work, reversible epoxy adhesives based on Diels–Alder (DA) chemist...

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Main Authors: Samantha J. (Lindholm) Knight, John D. McCoy, Sanchari Chowdhury, Youngmin Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Polymer Testing
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182500090X
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author Samantha J. (Lindholm) Knight
John D. McCoy
Sanchari Chowdhury
Youngmin Lee
author_facet Samantha J. (Lindholm) Knight
John D. McCoy
Sanchari Chowdhury
Youngmin Lee
author_sort Samantha J. (Lindholm) Knight
collection DOAJ
description Stimuli responsive debonding-on-demand (DoD) reversible adhesives are of great interest for the circular economy. However, the reversible adhesives developed so far often lack competitive adhesion strength in a bonding state. In this work, reversible epoxy adhesives based on Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry were developed and exhibited a competitive adhesion strength (e.g., 12–16 MPa of a lap shear strength) to commercial non-reversible epoxy adhesives. The reversible epoxy formulation showed superior thermal stability up to 110 °C, and transition to a debonding state in the order of 0.1 MPa at 140 °C, consequently, an on/off-type debonding behavior. The transition to a debonding state was attributed to crosslinking density control (e.g., decrease by 33 %–49 %) through the reversible DA chemistry and the proximity to the glass transition. Next, for debonding by light stimulus, photothermal refractory plasmonic titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were incorporated in the reversible epoxy, which can generate the required heat for debonding upon exposure to visible light. Photothermal debonding allows for precise debonding at target areas and tunable adhesion strength by controlling the exposure area and light intensity. The DA adhesive formulations containing 0.5 wt% TiN nanoparticles presented a debonding state with zero adhesion under light exposure with intensity of 1670 mW/cm2 (inducing 140 °C). Even after three cycles of reattachment, the DA adhesive formulations retained 96 % of the pristine sample's adhesion strength measured at 110 °C. Therefore, the DA adhesives are attractive candidates as reversible DoD systems applicable in higher temperatures.
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spelling doaj-art-365ae0f32eba4e0dbf37a20c35ea8c1e2025-08-20T03:09:03ZengElsevierPolymer Testing1873-23482025-05-0114610877610.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108776Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesivesSamantha J. (Lindholm) Knight0John D. McCoy1Sanchari Chowdhury2Youngmin Lee3Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USADepartment of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA; Corresponding author.Stimuli responsive debonding-on-demand (DoD) reversible adhesives are of great interest for the circular economy. However, the reversible adhesives developed so far often lack competitive adhesion strength in a bonding state. In this work, reversible epoxy adhesives based on Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry were developed and exhibited a competitive adhesion strength (e.g., 12–16 MPa of a lap shear strength) to commercial non-reversible epoxy adhesives. The reversible epoxy formulation showed superior thermal stability up to 110 °C, and transition to a debonding state in the order of 0.1 MPa at 140 °C, consequently, an on/off-type debonding behavior. The transition to a debonding state was attributed to crosslinking density control (e.g., decrease by 33 %–49 %) through the reversible DA chemistry and the proximity to the glass transition. Next, for debonding by light stimulus, photothermal refractory plasmonic titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were incorporated in the reversible epoxy, which can generate the required heat for debonding upon exposure to visible light. Photothermal debonding allows for precise debonding at target areas and tunable adhesion strength by controlling the exposure area and light intensity. The DA adhesive formulations containing 0.5 wt% TiN nanoparticles presented a debonding state with zero adhesion under light exposure with intensity of 1670 mW/cm2 (inducing 140 °C). Even after three cycles of reattachment, the DA adhesive formulations retained 96 % of the pristine sample's adhesion strength measured at 110 °C. Therefore, the DA adhesives are attractive candidates as reversible DoD systems applicable in higher temperatures.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182500090XRemovable adhesivesDiels–Alder reactionReattachment of adhesivesLight stimulus
spellingShingle Samantha J. (Lindholm) Knight
John D. McCoy
Sanchari Chowdhury
Youngmin Lee
Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives
Polymer Testing
Removable adhesives
Diels–Alder reaction
Reattachment of adhesives
Light stimulus
title Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives
title_full Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives
title_fullStr Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives
title_full_unstemmed Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives
title_short Debonding-on-demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives
title_sort debonding on demand reversible adhesives via heat or light with competitive adhesion strength to conventional epoxy adhesives
topic Removable adhesives
Diels–Alder reaction
Reattachment of adhesives
Light stimulus
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182500090X
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