Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune Modulation

ABSTRACT Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health issue, with poor prognosis often associated with dysregulated metabolic pathways, especially lactate metabolism. This study explored the prognostic significance of lactate‐associated genes in HCC and their potential as thera...

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Main Authors: Hao‐ran Qu, Chao‐qun Wang, Su‐juan Sun, Wen‐wen Zhang, Cheng‐hao Liu, Xuan‐shuang Du, Yao‐yi‐ao Shu, Xi‐cheng Wang, Qin Pan, Feng‐ling Luo, Hong‐yan Wu, Xiao‐lian Zhang, Min Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Cancer Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70801
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author Hao‐ran Qu
Chao‐qun Wang
Su‐juan Sun
Wen‐wen Zhang
Cheng‐hao Liu
Xuan‐shuang Du
Yao‐yi‐ao Shu
Xi‐cheng Wang
Qin Pan
Feng‐ling Luo
Hong‐yan Wu
Xiao‐lian Zhang
Min Liu
author_facet Hao‐ran Qu
Chao‐qun Wang
Su‐juan Sun
Wen‐wen Zhang
Cheng‐hao Liu
Xuan‐shuang Du
Yao‐yi‐ao Shu
Xi‐cheng Wang
Qin Pan
Feng‐ling Luo
Hong‐yan Wu
Xiao‐lian Zhang
Min Liu
author_sort Hao‐ran Qu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health issue, with poor prognosis often associated with dysregulated metabolic pathways, especially lactate metabolism. This study explored the prognostic significance of lactate‐associated genes in HCC and their potential as therapeutic targets. Methods We analyzed RNA‐seq and clinical data from 374 patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using Cox regression, LASSO analysis, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves, we identified key lactate‐associated genes associated with patient outcomes. Functional validations, including Western blot, flow cytometry, and molecular docking studies, were performed to confirm the biological impact of these genes. Results G6PD, IK, and CALML5 were identified as significant prognostic markers for HCC. A prognostic model was developed that effectively stratified patients into risk groups, which correlated with survival. G6PD's role in immune modulation and its potential as a drug target were validated through biochemical assays and computational analyses. Functional assays in HepG2 cells confirmed that alterations in G6PD expression affect T cell activity, with knockdown enhancing IFN‐γ production and overexpression inhibiting it, demonstrating G6PD's role in immune evasion. Conclusions This study establishes lactate metabolism genes, particularly G6PD, as key prognostic markers in HCC. The validation of G6PD's immunomodulatory effects further supports its potential as a therapeutic target for strategies aimed at enhancing immune surveillance and treatment outcomes in HCC.
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spelling doaj-art-36548eb07d704ee09432a3c65ee50c1e2025-08-20T02:26:31ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342025-03-01146n/an/a10.1002/cam4.70801Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune ModulationHao‐ran Qu0Chao‐qun Wang1Su‐juan Sun2Wen‐wen Zhang3Cheng‐hao Liu4Xuan‐shuang Du5Yao‐yi‐ao Shu6Xi‐cheng Wang7Qin Pan8Feng‐ling Luo9Hong‐yan Wu10Xiao‐lian Zhang11Min Liu12State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy China Three Gorges University Yichang ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaABSTRACT Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health issue, with poor prognosis often associated with dysregulated metabolic pathways, especially lactate metabolism. This study explored the prognostic significance of lactate‐associated genes in HCC and their potential as therapeutic targets. Methods We analyzed RNA‐seq and clinical data from 374 patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using Cox regression, LASSO analysis, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves, we identified key lactate‐associated genes associated with patient outcomes. Functional validations, including Western blot, flow cytometry, and molecular docking studies, were performed to confirm the biological impact of these genes. Results G6PD, IK, and CALML5 were identified as significant prognostic markers for HCC. A prognostic model was developed that effectively stratified patients into risk groups, which correlated with survival. G6PD's role in immune modulation and its potential as a drug target were validated through biochemical assays and computational analyses. Functional assays in HepG2 cells confirmed that alterations in G6PD expression affect T cell activity, with knockdown enhancing IFN‐γ production and overexpression inhibiting it, demonstrating G6PD's role in immune evasion. Conclusions This study establishes lactate metabolism genes, particularly G6PD, as key prognostic markers in HCC. The validation of G6PD's immunomodulatory effects further supports its potential as a therapeutic target for strategies aimed at enhancing immune surveillance and treatment outcomes in HCC.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70801G6PDhepatocellular carcinomalactate metabolismPD‐L1prognostic biomarkers
spellingShingle Hao‐ran Qu
Chao‐qun Wang
Su‐juan Sun
Wen‐wen Zhang
Cheng‐hao Liu
Xuan‐shuang Du
Yao‐yi‐ao Shu
Xi‐cheng Wang
Qin Pan
Feng‐ling Luo
Hong‐yan Wu
Xiao‐lian Zhang
Min Liu
Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune Modulation
Cancer Medicine
G6PD
hepatocellular carcinoma
lactate metabolism
PD‐L1
prognostic biomarkers
title Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune Modulation
title_full Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune Modulation
title_fullStr Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune Modulation
title_full_unstemmed Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune Modulation
title_short Bioinformatics Identification of Lactate‐Associated Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: G6PD's Role in Immune Modulation
title_sort bioinformatics identification of lactate associated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma g6pd s role in immune modulation
topic G6PD
hepatocellular carcinoma
lactate metabolism
PD‐L1
prognostic biomarkers
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70801
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