The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background With aging, changes occur in various body systems, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromusculoskeletal, and vestibular, leading to a decreased quality of life (QOL) and an increased fear of falling (FOF). Exercise and physical activity reduce the progression of aging compli...

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Main Authors: Mehrnaz Kajbafvala, Mina Ansari Eshlaghi, Shabnam ShahAli, Fateme Pourkazem, Anahita Hejazi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Geriatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05822-y
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author Mehrnaz Kajbafvala
Mina Ansari Eshlaghi
Shabnam ShahAli
Fateme Pourkazem
Anahita Hejazi
author_facet Mehrnaz Kajbafvala
Mina Ansari Eshlaghi
Shabnam ShahAli
Fateme Pourkazem
Anahita Hejazi
author_sort Mehrnaz Kajbafvala
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background With aging, changes occur in various body systems, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromusculoskeletal, and vestibular, leading to a decreased quality of life (QOL) and an increased fear of falling (FOF). Exercise and physical activity reduce the progression of aging complications. Therefore, we examined the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes. Methods Fifty-two older adults aged over 60 (31 males, 21 females) living in nursing homes were included. After initial evaluation, individuals were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (PNF techniques and aerobic exercise). Both treatment groups received 12 treatment sessions over 4 weeks. Balance, fear of falling, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after a 4-week intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired samples t-test were utilized to between and within-group changes of variables. Results The results showed no significant differences in balance, fear of falling, and quality of life between groups after the intervention (P > 0.05). In the within-group comparison, only the PNF techniques group showed significant improvement in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) after the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that PNF techniques compared with aerobic exercise could not contribute to improved balance, fear of falling, and quality of life. Therefore, more clinical trial studies with a control group are needed to determine the exact effects of these techniques. Trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration The trial was registered at the ( https://www.irct.ir ), (IRCT20210505051181N4) on 9/2/2023.
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series BMC Geriatrics
spelling doaj-art-3639a14744da4e929238624ca36ec4bf2025-08-20T02:49:12ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182025-03-0125111010.1186/s12877-025-05822-yThe effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trialMehrnaz Kajbafvala0Mina Ansari Eshlaghi1Shabnam ShahAli2Fateme Pourkazem3Anahita Hejazi4Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical SciencesIranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical SciencesIranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical SciencesIranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background With aging, changes occur in various body systems, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromusculoskeletal, and vestibular, leading to a decreased quality of life (QOL) and an increased fear of falling (FOF). Exercise and physical activity reduce the progression of aging complications. Therefore, we examined the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes. Methods Fifty-two older adults aged over 60 (31 males, 21 females) living in nursing homes were included. After initial evaluation, individuals were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (PNF techniques and aerobic exercise). Both treatment groups received 12 treatment sessions over 4 weeks. Balance, fear of falling, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after a 4-week intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired samples t-test were utilized to between and within-group changes of variables. Results The results showed no significant differences in balance, fear of falling, and quality of life between groups after the intervention (P > 0.05). In the within-group comparison, only the PNF techniques group showed significant improvement in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) after the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that PNF techniques compared with aerobic exercise could not contribute to improved balance, fear of falling, and quality of life. Therefore, more clinical trial studies with a control group are needed to determine the exact effects of these techniques. Trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration The trial was registered at the ( https://www.irct.ir ), (IRCT20210505051181N4) on 9/2/2023.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05822-yProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationAerobic exerciseBalanceFear of fallingQuality of lifeAging
spellingShingle Mehrnaz Kajbafvala
Mina Ansari Eshlaghi
Shabnam ShahAli
Fateme Pourkazem
Anahita Hejazi
The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial
BMC Geriatrics
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Aerobic exercise
Balance
Fear of falling
Quality of life
Aging
title The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial
title_full The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial
title_short The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial
title_sort effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance fear of falling and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes a randomized controlled trial
topic Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Aerobic exercise
Balance
Fear of falling
Quality of life
Aging
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05822-y
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