AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) face significant limitations in specialized scientific domains due to their inability to perform data analysis and their tendency to generate inaccurate information. This challenge is particularly critical in air quality management, where precise analysis is ess...

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Main Authors: Jun Song, Chendong Ma, Maohao Ran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01070-4
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author Jun Song
Chendong Ma
Maohao Ran
author_facet Jun Song
Chendong Ma
Maohao Ran
author_sort Jun Song
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Large language models (LLMs) face significant limitations in specialized scientific domains due to their inability to perform data analysis and their tendency to generate inaccurate information. This challenge is particularly critical in air quality management, where precise analysis is essential for addressing climate change and pollution control initiatives. To bridge this gap, we present AirGPT, a computational framework that integrates conversational AI with atmospheric science expertise through a curated corpus of peer-reviewed literature and specialized data analysis capabilities. Through a novel architecture combining natural language processing and domain-specific analytical tools, AirGPT achieved higher accuracy in air quality assessments compared to standard LLMs, including GPT-4o. Experimental results demonstrate superior capabilities in providing accurate regulatory information, performing fundamental data analysis, and generating location-specific management recommendations, as validated through case studies in metropolitan areas such as Beijing.
format Article
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institution DOAJ
issn 2397-3722
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
spelling doaj-art-36304049f80145e699ca58320fc16fdd2025-08-20T03:10:16ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-05-018111210.1038/s41612-025-01070-4AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric scienceJun Song0Chendong Ma1Maohao Ran2Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityDepartment of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityDepartment of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityAbstract Large language models (LLMs) face significant limitations in specialized scientific domains due to their inability to perform data analysis and their tendency to generate inaccurate information. This challenge is particularly critical in air quality management, where precise analysis is essential for addressing climate change and pollution control initiatives. To bridge this gap, we present AirGPT, a computational framework that integrates conversational AI with atmospheric science expertise through a curated corpus of peer-reviewed literature and specialized data analysis capabilities. Through a novel architecture combining natural language processing and domain-specific analytical tools, AirGPT achieved higher accuracy in air quality assessments compared to standard LLMs, including GPT-4o. Experimental results demonstrate superior capabilities in providing accurate regulatory information, performing fundamental data analysis, and generating location-specific management recommendations, as validated through case studies in metropolitan areas such as Beijing.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01070-4
spellingShingle Jun Song
Chendong Ma
Maohao Ran
AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science
title_full AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science
title_fullStr AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science
title_full_unstemmed AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science
title_short AirGPT: pioneering the convergence of conversational AI with atmospheric science
title_sort airgpt pioneering the convergence of conversational ai with atmospheric science
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01070-4
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AT chendongma airgptpioneeringtheconvergenceofconversationalaiwithatmosphericscience
AT maohaoran airgptpioneeringtheconvergenceofconversationalaiwithatmosphericscience