Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

Physical exercise has emerged as a promising complementary intervention for individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). This comprehensive review examines the neurobiological, psychological, and social benefits of exercise in improving quality of life (QOL), mental health, sleep quality, craving...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Roberto Montón-Martínez, Ismael Castellano-Galvañ, Alba Roldán, Alejandro Javaloyes, Iván Peña-González, José Manuel Sarabia, Diego Pastor, Manuel Moya-Ramón
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1481
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850068375309385728
author Roberto Montón-Martínez
Ismael Castellano-Galvañ
Alba Roldán
Alejandro Javaloyes
Iván Peña-González
José Manuel Sarabia
Diego Pastor
Manuel Moya-Ramón
author_facet Roberto Montón-Martínez
Ismael Castellano-Galvañ
Alba Roldán
Alejandro Javaloyes
Iván Peña-González
José Manuel Sarabia
Diego Pastor
Manuel Moya-Ramón
author_sort Roberto Montón-Martínez
collection DOAJ
description Physical exercise has emerged as a promising complementary intervention for individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). This comprehensive review examines the neurobiological, psychological, and social benefits of exercise in improving quality of life (QOL), mental health, sleep quality, craving, physical fitness, and cognitive function among individuals with SUD. Aerobic exercises, particularly those of moderate intensity, demonstrate a consistent efficacy in reducing anxiety, depression, and cravings, while also enhancing cardiovascular health and psychosocial well-being. Strength training and concurrent programs provide additional benefits for muscular and cognitive function, although their effects on mental health are less consistent. Mind–body disciplines like yoga and Tai Chi offer accessible entry points for individuals with low baseline fitness but exhibit variable outcomes, especially in sleep and craving management. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) shows potential for craving reduction and cardiovascular improvements but may pose challenges for individuals with low initial fitness. This review underscores the importance of tailored, well-structured programs that align with participants’ needs and capabilities. Future research should prioritize standardizing protocols, incorporating technological tools, and exploring hybrid intervention models to maximize adherence and therapeutic impact. Physical exercise remains a vital, multifaceted tool in comprehensive SUD rehabilitation strategies.
format Article
id doaj-art-362a3aea9b3544e595d27f6d5bc8fdc6
institution DOAJ
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-362a3aea9b3544e595d27f6d5bc8fdc62025-08-20T02:48:06ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-01153148110.3390/app15031481Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive ReviewRoberto Montón-Martínez0Ismael Castellano-Galvañ1Alba Roldán2Alejandro Javaloyes3Iván Peña-González4José Manuel Sarabia5Diego Pastor6Manuel Moya-Ramón7Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainSports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, SpainPhysical exercise has emerged as a promising complementary intervention for individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). This comprehensive review examines the neurobiological, psychological, and social benefits of exercise in improving quality of life (QOL), mental health, sleep quality, craving, physical fitness, and cognitive function among individuals with SUD. Aerobic exercises, particularly those of moderate intensity, demonstrate a consistent efficacy in reducing anxiety, depression, and cravings, while also enhancing cardiovascular health and psychosocial well-being. Strength training and concurrent programs provide additional benefits for muscular and cognitive function, although their effects on mental health are less consistent. Mind–body disciplines like yoga and Tai Chi offer accessible entry points for individuals with low baseline fitness but exhibit variable outcomes, especially in sleep and craving management. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) shows potential for craving reduction and cardiovascular improvements but may pose challenges for individuals with low initial fitness. This review underscores the importance of tailored, well-structured programs that align with participants’ needs and capabilities. Future research should prioritize standardizing protocols, incorporating technological tools, and exploring hybrid intervention models to maximize adherence and therapeutic impact. Physical exercise remains a vital, multifaceted tool in comprehensive SUD rehabilitation strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1481substance addictionphysical exerciseFITT variablesquality of lifemental healthcraving
spellingShingle Roberto Montón-Martínez
Ismael Castellano-Galvañ
Alba Roldán
Alejandro Javaloyes
Iván Peña-González
José Manuel Sarabia
Diego Pastor
Manuel Moya-Ramón
Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
Applied Sciences
substance addiction
physical exercise
FITT variables
quality of life
mental health
craving
title Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
title_full Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
title_short Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort effects of physical exercise on substance use disorder a comprehensive review
topic substance addiction
physical exercise
FITT variables
quality of life
mental health
craving
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1481
work_keys_str_mv AT robertomontonmartinez effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview
AT ismaelcastellanogalvan effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview
AT albaroldan effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview
AT alejandrojavaloyes effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview
AT ivanpenagonzalez effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview
AT josemanuelsarabia effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview
AT diegopastor effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview
AT manuelmoyaramon effectsofphysicalexerciseonsubstanceusedisorderacomprehensivereview