The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and Biosecurity
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) surveillance for influenza A virus (IAV) in the United States is conducted using a National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Samples showing the presence of IAV are confirmed and cha...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Zoonotic Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/27 |
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| author | Deepanker Tewari Manoj K. Sekhwal Mary L. Killian Corey Zellers Chrislyn Wood Nicholson Betsy Schroeder Erica Spackman Alex Hamberg |
| author_facet | Deepanker Tewari Manoj K. Sekhwal Mary L. Killian Corey Zellers Chrislyn Wood Nicholson Betsy Schroeder Erica Spackman Alex Hamberg |
| author_sort | Deepanker Tewari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) surveillance for influenza A virus (IAV) in the United States is conducted using a National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Samples showing the presence of IAV are confirmed and characterized at the national reference laboratory. During the H5N1 HPAI outbreak in 2022, our laboratory reported the detection of IAV in a PA commercial chicken flock using rRT-PCR targeting the matrix gene, which was negative for the H5/H7 subtypes. IAV was not detected by additional sampling of the birds the following day with rRT-PCR. The virus detected was characterized as a human seasonal H3N2 with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Further investigation revealed that the collector who visited the farm was diagnosed with an IAV infection. This case report emphasizes the importance of farm biosafety and biosecurity, of conducting regular reviews of worker safety protocols, and of advanced molecular techniques like WGS for viral characterization and epidemiology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3628eedaddf34c2b8a832ca18bcefd9f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2813-0227 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Zoonotic Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-3628eedaddf34c2b8a832ca18bcefd9f2025-08-20T02:51:10ZengMDPI AGZoonotic Diseases2813-02272024-12-014431531910.3390/zoonoticdis4040027The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and BiosecurityDeepanker Tewari0Manoj K. Sekhwal1Mary L. Killian2Corey Zellers3Chrislyn Wood Nicholson4Betsy Schroeder5Erica Spackman6Alex Hamberg7Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USAPennsylvania State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USANational Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USAPennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USAAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USABureau of Epidemiology, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USAU.S. Department of Agriculture, Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30602, USAPennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USAHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) surveillance for influenza A virus (IAV) in the United States is conducted using a National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Samples showing the presence of IAV are confirmed and characterized at the national reference laboratory. During the H5N1 HPAI outbreak in 2022, our laboratory reported the detection of IAV in a PA commercial chicken flock using rRT-PCR targeting the matrix gene, which was negative for the H5/H7 subtypes. IAV was not detected by additional sampling of the birds the following day with rRT-PCR. The virus detected was characterized as a human seasonal H3N2 with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Further investigation revealed that the collector who visited the farm was diagnosed with an IAV infection. This case report emphasizes the importance of farm biosafety and biosecurity, of conducting regular reviews of worker safety protocols, and of advanced molecular techniques like WGS for viral characterization and epidemiology.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/27HPAIcollectorbiosafetybiosecurityrRT-PCRIAV |
| spellingShingle | Deepanker Tewari Manoj K. Sekhwal Mary L. Killian Corey Zellers Chrislyn Wood Nicholson Betsy Schroeder Erica Spackman Alex Hamberg The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and Biosecurity Zoonotic Diseases HPAI collector biosafety biosecurity rRT-PCR IAV |
| title | The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and Biosecurity |
| title_full | The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and Biosecurity |
| title_fullStr | The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and Biosecurity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and Biosecurity |
| title_short | The Attribution of Human Seasonal Influenza H3N2 Virus Detection to the Collector, Not Avian Sources, During the 2022 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in Pennsylvania, USA—Implications for Biosafety and Biosecurity |
| title_sort | attribution of human seasonal influenza h3n2 virus detection to the collector not avian sources during the 2022 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in pennsylvania usa implications for biosafety and biosecurity |
| topic | HPAI collector biosafety biosecurity rRT-PCR IAV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/27 |
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