Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancer
Abstract Barleria species have been traditionally utilized for medicinal purposes. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of six Barleria leaf extracts, namely B. cristata, B. lupulina, B. prionitis, B. repens, B. siamensis, and B. strigosa, to elucidate their metabolite composition, toxicity,...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07397-5 |
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| author | Sanit Kaewdaungdee Zi Wei Sham Hao Xuan Ho Shiou Yih Lee Tawatchai Tanee Yannick D. Benoit Thomas Liehr Sakda Daduang Runglawan Sudmoon Arunrat Chaveerach |
| author_facet | Sanit Kaewdaungdee Zi Wei Sham Hao Xuan Ho Shiou Yih Lee Tawatchai Tanee Yannick D. Benoit Thomas Liehr Sakda Daduang Runglawan Sudmoon Arunrat Chaveerach |
| author_sort | Sanit Kaewdaungdee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Barleria species have been traditionally utilized for medicinal purposes. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of six Barleria leaf extracts, namely B. cristata, B. lupulina, B. prionitis, B. repens, B. siamensis, and B. strigosa, to elucidate their metabolite composition, toxicity, immunomodulatory functions, and roles in cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression. The findings indicate that two key metabolites, barlerin and verbascoside, are present in all six Barleria extracts, with B. siamensis exhibiting the highest amount of these compounds at 0.43 mg/g (barlerin) and 1.02 mg/g (verbascoside) of dried leaf, respectively. In terms of toxicological effects, B. cristata and B. siamensis demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity against PC-3 cells by inducing DNA damage, enhancing apoptosis, and obstructing the cell cycle. However, these extracts did not exert cytotoxic effects on PBMCs, HPrEC, and THLE-3. Conversely, B. strigosa extract exhibited mild toxicity towards HPrECs and moderate toxicity towards THLE-3 cells. Furthermore, treatment with these extracts activated PBMCs, leading to the upregulation of cytokine genes, including IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-γ, which promoted cytotoxicity for PC-3 cells. Additionally, B. siamensis extract significantly suppressed the expression of CYP450 genes, including CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, whereas B. strigosa extract induced the overexpression of CYP2E1. In conclusion, Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside exhibit immunomodulatory properties by activating immune cells to target cancer cells. Moreover, these extracts influence the expression of CYP450 genes, potentially impacting their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3618074befd64c889e9458a2c8a97f1e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-3618074befd64c889e9458a2c8a97f1e2025-08-20T04:01:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-07397-5Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancerSanit Kaewdaungdee0Zi Wei Sham1Hao Xuan Ho2Shiou Yih Lee3Tawatchai Tanee4Yannick D. Benoit5Thomas Liehr6Sakda Daduang7Runglawan Sudmoon8Arunrat Chaveerach9Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen UniversityFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International UniversityFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International UniversityFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International UniversityFaculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham UniversityDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OttawaInstitute of Human Genetics, Jena University HospitalDivision of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen UniversityFaculty of Law, Khon Kaen UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen UniversityAbstract Barleria species have been traditionally utilized for medicinal purposes. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of six Barleria leaf extracts, namely B. cristata, B. lupulina, B. prionitis, B. repens, B. siamensis, and B. strigosa, to elucidate their metabolite composition, toxicity, immunomodulatory functions, and roles in cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression. The findings indicate that two key metabolites, barlerin and verbascoside, are present in all six Barleria extracts, with B. siamensis exhibiting the highest amount of these compounds at 0.43 mg/g (barlerin) and 1.02 mg/g (verbascoside) of dried leaf, respectively. In terms of toxicological effects, B. cristata and B. siamensis demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity against PC-3 cells by inducing DNA damage, enhancing apoptosis, and obstructing the cell cycle. However, these extracts did not exert cytotoxic effects on PBMCs, HPrEC, and THLE-3. Conversely, B. strigosa extract exhibited mild toxicity towards HPrECs and moderate toxicity towards THLE-3 cells. Furthermore, treatment with these extracts activated PBMCs, leading to the upregulation of cytokine genes, including IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, and IFN-γ, which promoted cytotoxicity for PC-3 cells. Additionally, B. siamensis extract significantly suppressed the expression of CYP450 genes, including CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, whereas B. strigosa extract induced the overexpression of CYP2E1. In conclusion, Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside exhibit immunomodulatory properties by activating immune cells to target cancer cells. Moreover, these extracts influence the expression of CYP450 genes, potentially impacting their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07397-5Anticancer activityBarleriaBarlerinCytochrome P450Immunomodulatory activityVerbascoside |
| spellingShingle | Sanit Kaewdaungdee Zi Wei Sham Hao Xuan Ho Shiou Yih Lee Tawatchai Tanee Yannick D. Benoit Thomas Liehr Sakda Daduang Runglawan Sudmoon Arunrat Chaveerach Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancer Scientific Reports Anticancer activity Barleria Barlerin Cytochrome P450 Immunomodulatory activity Verbascoside |
| title | Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancer |
| title_full | Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancer |
| title_fullStr | Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancer |
| title_short | Barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate CYP450 gene in prostate cancer |
| title_sort | barleria extracts containing barlerin and verbascoside boost immunity and regulate cyp450 gene in prostate cancer |
| topic | Anticancer activity Barleria Barlerin Cytochrome P450 Immunomodulatory activity Verbascoside |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07397-5 |
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