Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial

This secondary analysis aimed to examine the effect of a single-arm alternate day fasting intervention with a 30% low-carbohydrate diet on biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in adults with obesity. A 12-week weight-loss period was followed by a 12-week weight maintenance period. Anthro...

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Main Authors: Rand T Akasheh, Giamila Fantuzzi, Krista A Varady, Ting-Yuan D Cheng, Faiza Kalam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Current Developments in Nutrition
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299125000253
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author Rand T Akasheh
Giamila Fantuzzi
Krista A Varady
Ting-Yuan D Cheng
Faiza Kalam
author_facet Rand T Akasheh
Giamila Fantuzzi
Krista A Varady
Ting-Yuan D Cheng
Faiza Kalam
author_sort Rand T Akasheh
collection DOAJ
description This secondary analysis aimed to examine the effect of a single-arm alternate day fasting intervention with a 30% low-carbohydrate diet on biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in adults with obesity. A 12-week weight-loss period was followed by a 12-week weight maintenance period. Anthropometrics and blood samples were collected at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Multiplex assay was used to measure serum biomarkers including programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL4, interferon gamma (IFnγ), IFNγ–induced protein 10 (IP-10), and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40-L). In 28 participants, body weight and fat mass decreased during the weight-loss period but stabilized during the weight maintenance period. Serum PD-L1 decreased from baseline to week 12 (P = 0.005) but not at week 24. Moreover, IL-1ra and CCL4 concentrations decreased from baseline to week 24 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.008, respectively). Changes were not significant for in CCL2, IL-8, CD40-L, IFNγ, or IP-10. In conclusion, alternate day fasting–low carbohydrate modulates circulating immune biomarkers, which may be relevant to diabetes, cancer, and autoimmunity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03528317 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6934424/).
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spelling doaj-art-360f3b4c6a444fcc953fc9f620dbd8542025-08-20T03:44:28ZengElsevierCurrent Developments in Nutrition2475-29912025-03-019310456610.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104566Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm TrialRand T Akasheh0Giamila Fantuzzi1Krista A Varady2Ting-Yuan D Cheng3Faiza Kalam4Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USADepartment of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USADivision of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Corresponding author.Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USAThis secondary analysis aimed to examine the effect of a single-arm alternate day fasting intervention with a 30% low-carbohydrate diet on biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in adults with obesity. A 12-week weight-loss period was followed by a 12-week weight maintenance period. Anthropometrics and blood samples were collected at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Multiplex assay was used to measure serum biomarkers including programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL4, interferon gamma (IFnγ), IFNγ–induced protein 10 (IP-10), and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40-L). In 28 participants, body weight and fat mass decreased during the weight-loss period but stabilized during the weight maintenance period. Serum PD-L1 decreased from baseline to week 12 (P = 0.005) but not at week 24. Moreover, IL-1ra and CCL4 concentrations decreased from baseline to week 24 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.008, respectively). Changes were not significant for in CCL2, IL-8, CD40-L, IFNγ, or IP-10. In conclusion, alternate day fasting–low carbohydrate modulates circulating immune biomarkers, which may be relevant to diabetes, cancer, and autoimmunity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03528317 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6934424/).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299125000253Intermittent fastingalternate day fastinglow-carbohydrate dietobesityweight lossinflammation
spellingShingle Rand T Akasheh
Giamila Fantuzzi
Krista A Varady
Ting-Yuan D Cheng
Faiza Kalam
Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial
Current Developments in Nutrition
Intermittent fasting
alternate day fasting
low-carbohydrate diet
obesity
weight loss
inflammation
title Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial
title_full Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial
title_fullStr Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial
title_full_unstemmed Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial
title_short Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial
title_sort reduced serum pd l1 and markers of inflammation in response to alternate day fasting with a low carbohydrate intervention a secondary analysis of a single arm trial
topic Intermittent fasting
alternate day fasting
low-carbohydrate diet
obesity
weight loss
inflammation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299125000253
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