Resolving Uncertainties in the Legality of Wildlife Trade to Support Better Outcomes for Wildlife and People

ABSTRACT Wildlife use and trade support the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide but also threaten thousands of species. Legal instruments, when effectively designed and implemented, can help regulate trade and mitigate negative impacts. However, activities along supply chains are rarely cate...

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Main Authors: Trisha Gupta, Reshu Bashyal, Michelle Anagnostou, Sonia Dhanda, Joël Djagoun, Leonardo Manir Feitosa, Chloe E. R. Hatten, Sara Bronwen Hunter, Takudzwa S. Mutezo, Wahyu Nurbandi, Alejandra Pizarro Choy, Hannah N. K. Sackey, EJ Milner‐Gulland, Thomasina E. E. Oldfield, Daniel W. S. Challender
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Conservation Letters
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13110
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Summary:ABSTRACT Wildlife use and trade support the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide but also threaten thousands of species. Legal instruments, when effectively designed and implemented, can help regulate trade and mitigate negative impacts. However, activities along supply chains are rarely categorically legal or illegal, with considerable uncertainties regarding legality in the wildlife trade. These uncertainties can compromise the success of efforts to ensure, or improve, sustainability, but are often overlooked. Here, we categorize legal uncertainties in wildlife trade into three dimensions: institutional, operational, and perceptual. We explore their implications for sustainable management and discuss potential interventions to address them, drawing on examples from wildlife management and other sectors. Resolving these uncertainties can reduce unsustainable and illegal trade, strengthen traceability and enforcement, and promote equitable benefit‐sharing among actors. Our findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to improve the clarity and effectiveness of wildlife trade management, advancing both conservation and socio‐economic objectives.
ISSN:1755-263X