Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation
Abstract Bisphenol-A (BPA), a commonly used chemical in the production of thermal paper and kinetic polymers, acts as an endocrine disruptor, leading to biological accumulation in the environment and posing long-term risks to human health. This study aimed to assess the degradation of BPA using pers...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| author | Emad Dehghanifard Ahmad Jonidi Jafari Babak Kakavandi Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary |
| author_facet | Emad Dehghanifard Ahmad Jonidi Jafari Babak Kakavandi Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary |
| author_sort | Emad Dehghanifard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bisphenol-A (BPA), a commonly used chemical in the production of thermal paper and kinetic polymers, acts as an endocrine disruptor, leading to biological accumulation in the environment and posing long-term risks to human health. This study aimed to assess the degradation of BPA using persulfate (PS) activated by nickel ferrite-anchored zinc oxide (ZnO@NiFe2O4) nanoparticles in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ZnO@NiFe2O4 catalyst was synthesized using a co-precipitation method. Its structure was characterized through FESEM, EDS, XRD, VSM, DRS, TEM, and PL analyses. Several parameters including solution pH, initial BPA concentration, and catalyst and PS dosages were examined. Additionally, the influence of interfering ions such as nitrate, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, and bicarbonate was evaluated. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was conducted to measure BPA mineralization throughout the process. Lastly, the reusability of the photocatalyst and the overall efficiency of the process were assessed. Under optimal conditions (pH = 9, BPA concentration = 0.04 g/L, catalyst dosage = 0.3 g/L, and PS = mM), the highest removal efficiency and mineralization of BPA after 15 min were found to be > 99.9% and 59.21%, respectively. However, interfering ions reduced the BPA degradation efficiency in order of Cl− (51.75%) < SO4 −2 (70.61%) < NO3 − (75.41%) < CO3 −2 (82.41%). After four recovery cycles, the catalyst’s effectiveness decreased to 15.7%. The photocatalytic oxidation of BPA adhered to pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.23 min−1). In conclusion, the PS activated by ZnO@NiFe2O4/UV proved to be effective for BPA degradation due to its strong performance and high recovery capability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-35e5157c3240430187cc2ec60954e1da |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-35e5157c3240430187cc2ec60954e1da2025-08-20T03:03:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-93968-5Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiationEmad Dehghanifard0Ahmad Jonidi Jafari1Babak Kakavandi2Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary3Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Bisphenol-A (BPA), a commonly used chemical in the production of thermal paper and kinetic polymers, acts as an endocrine disruptor, leading to biological accumulation in the environment and posing long-term risks to human health. This study aimed to assess the degradation of BPA using persulfate (PS) activated by nickel ferrite-anchored zinc oxide (ZnO@NiFe2O4) nanoparticles in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ZnO@NiFe2O4 catalyst was synthesized using a co-precipitation method. Its structure was characterized through FESEM, EDS, XRD, VSM, DRS, TEM, and PL analyses. Several parameters including solution pH, initial BPA concentration, and catalyst and PS dosages were examined. Additionally, the influence of interfering ions such as nitrate, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, and bicarbonate was evaluated. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was conducted to measure BPA mineralization throughout the process. Lastly, the reusability of the photocatalyst and the overall efficiency of the process were assessed. Under optimal conditions (pH = 9, BPA concentration = 0.04 g/L, catalyst dosage = 0.3 g/L, and PS = mM), the highest removal efficiency and mineralization of BPA after 15 min were found to be > 99.9% and 59.21%, respectively. However, interfering ions reduced the BPA degradation efficiency in order of Cl− (51.75%) < SO4 −2 (70.61%) < NO3 − (75.41%) < CO3 −2 (82.41%). After four recovery cycles, the catalyst’s effectiveness decreased to 15.7%. The photocatalytic oxidation of BPA adhered to pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.23 min−1). In conclusion, the PS activated by ZnO@NiFe2O4/UV proved to be effective for BPA degradation due to its strong performance and high recovery capability.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93968-5Bisphenol-AAdvanced oxidation processesMagnetic separationZnO@NiFe2O4PersulfateUltraviolet |
| spellingShingle | Emad Dehghanifard Ahmad Jonidi Jafari Babak Kakavandi Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation Scientific Reports Bisphenol-A Advanced oxidation processes Magnetic separation ZnO@NiFe2O4 Persulfate Ultraviolet |
| title | Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation |
| title_full | Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation |
| title_fullStr | Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation |
| title_short | Degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation |
| title_sort | degradation of bisphenol a using zinc oxide decorated by nickel ferrite nanoparticles toward persulfate activation in the presence of ultraviolet radiation |
| topic | Bisphenol-A Advanced oxidation processes Magnetic separation ZnO@NiFe2O4 Persulfate Ultraviolet |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93968-5 |
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