Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency Generation

This study presents a compact intracavity difference-frequency generation (DFG) source designed for mid-infrared (mid-IR) applications. By optimizing overlap between the pump and signal beams, we obtained a black-box efficiency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/...

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Main Authors: Saeed Salimian Rizi, Liam G. K. Flannigan, Alex Chiasson, Tyler Kashak, Daniel Poitras, Chang-Qing Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/25
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author Saeed Salimian Rizi
Liam G. K. Flannigan
Alex Chiasson
Tyler Kashak
Daniel Poitras
Chang-Qing Xu
author_facet Saeed Salimian Rizi
Liam G. K. Flannigan
Alex Chiasson
Tyler Kashak
Daniel Poitras
Chang-Qing Xu
author_sort Saeed Salimian Rizi
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a compact intracavity difference-frequency generation (DFG) source designed for mid-infrared (mid-IR) applications. By optimizing overlap between the pump and signal beams, we obtained a black-box efficiency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of 3.4% W⁻<sup>1</sup> and a maximum DFG output power of 63 mW at a wavelength of 3437 nm for a 50 mm long periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The mid-IR laser was systematically studied for various PPLN lengths (29 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm), demonstrating extensive tunability across a range of mid-IR wavelengths. Stability assessments over short-term (2 min) and long-term (2 h) periods were also investigated, showing stability values of 0.91% and 1.08%, respectively. These advancements position our DFG laser as a promising candidate for potential applications in greenhouse gas detection and satellite communication, addressing the growing demand for reliable and efficient mid-IR sources.
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spelling doaj-art-35e256a475c04f279d41f99b2fcac2352025-01-24T13:46:14ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322024-12-011212510.3390/photonics12010025Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency GenerationSaeed Salimian Rizi0Liam G. K. Flannigan1Alex Chiasson2Tyler Kashak3Daniel Poitras4Chang-Qing Xu5Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaDepartment of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaDepartment of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaDepartment of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaAdvanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, CanadaDepartment of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaThis study presents a compact intracavity difference-frequency generation (DFG) source designed for mid-infrared (mid-IR) applications. By optimizing overlap between the pump and signal beams, we obtained a black-box efficiency (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of 3.4% W⁻<sup>1</sup> and a maximum DFG output power of 63 mW at a wavelength of 3437 nm for a 50 mm long periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The mid-IR laser was systematically studied for various PPLN lengths (29 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm), demonstrating extensive tunability across a range of mid-IR wavelengths. Stability assessments over short-term (2 min) and long-term (2 h) periods were also investigated, showing stability values of 0.91% and 1.08%, respectively. These advancements position our DFG laser as a promising candidate for potential applications in greenhouse gas detection and satellite communication, addressing the growing demand for reliable and efficient mid-IR sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/25nonlinear opticsdifference-frequency generationmid-infrared laserDPSS laseroverlapblack-box efficiency
spellingShingle Saeed Salimian Rizi
Liam G. K. Flannigan
Alex Chiasson
Tyler Kashak
Daniel Poitras
Chang-Qing Xu
Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency Generation
Photonics
nonlinear optics
difference-frequency generation
mid-infrared laser
DPSS laser
overlap
black-box efficiency
title Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency Generation
title_full Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency Generation
title_fullStr Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency Generation
title_full_unstemmed Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency Generation
title_short Efficient, Compact Mid-Infrared Sources: A Systematic Study of Intracavity Difference-Frequency Generation
title_sort efficient compact mid infrared sources a systematic study of intracavity difference frequency generation
topic nonlinear optics
difference-frequency generation
mid-infrared laser
DPSS laser
overlap
black-box efficiency
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/25
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