Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in Indonesia

Energy constraints significantly impact household welfare and the quality of life. Developing countries, such as Indonesia, continue to face challenges in meeting household energy needs. This study investigates the impact of microcredit access on Indonesian households' energy consumption. Under...

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Main Authors: Diana Setyawati, Djoni Hartono
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Energy Nexus
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000877
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author Diana Setyawati
Djoni Hartono
author_facet Diana Setyawati
Djoni Hartono
author_sort Diana Setyawati
collection DOAJ
description Energy constraints significantly impact household welfare and the quality of life. Developing countries, such as Indonesia, continue to face challenges in meeting household energy needs. This study investigates the impact of microcredit access on Indonesian households' energy consumption. Understanding this relationship is essential for insights into how microcredit can affect energy use in the context of developing countries. Using data from 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic), this study uniquely bridges a gap in the literature by analyzing both pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. This offers novel insights into how microcredit programs respond to dynamic economic conditions. We employ the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method with instrumental variables to address potential causality issues. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between access to microcredit and household energy consumption expenditures. By comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, the study highlights how economic conditions affect the effectiveness of microcredit programs. Moreover, regional analysis reveals variations in the impact of microcredit across Indonesia. This study contributes to understanding how microcredit programs affect household energy consumption, taking into account economic conditions and spatial effects. Our findings offer policy implications for enhancing household energy consumption through microcredit programs. Policymakers should consider regional needs and evolving economic conditions to optimize the effectiveness of microcredit programs.
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spelling doaj-art-35c79500e7924832b8aa51aa6c90f77c2025-08-20T03:21:27ZengElsevierEnergy Nexus2772-42712025-06-011810044610.1016/j.nexus.2025.100446Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in IndonesiaDiana Setyawati0Djoni Hartono1Department of Economics, Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Corresponding author: Directorate General of Budget, Ministry of Finance Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Address: Directorate General of Budget, Ministry of Finance Republic of Indonesia. Sutikno Slamet Building, Dr Wahidin Street No.1, 16710, Jakarta, Indonesia.Department of Economics, Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Research Cluster on Energy Modelling and Regional Analysis, Department of Economics, Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaEnergy constraints significantly impact household welfare and the quality of life. Developing countries, such as Indonesia, continue to face challenges in meeting household energy needs. This study investigates the impact of microcredit access on Indonesian households' energy consumption. Understanding this relationship is essential for insights into how microcredit can affect energy use in the context of developing countries. Using data from 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic), this study uniquely bridges a gap in the literature by analyzing both pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. This offers novel insights into how microcredit programs respond to dynamic economic conditions. We employ the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method with instrumental variables to address potential causality issues. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between access to microcredit and household energy consumption expenditures. By comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, the study highlights how economic conditions affect the effectiveness of microcredit programs. Moreover, regional analysis reveals variations in the impact of microcredit across Indonesia. This study contributes to understanding how microcredit programs affect household energy consumption, taking into account economic conditions and spatial effects. Our findings offer policy implications for enhancing household energy consumption through microcredit programs. Policymakers should consider regional needs and evolving economic conditions to optimize the effectiveness of microcredit programs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000877C36D12G51
spellingShingle Diana Setyawati
Djoni Hartono
Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in Indonesia
Energy Nexus
C36
D12
G51
title Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in Indonesia
title_full Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in Indonesia
title_fullStr Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in Indonesia
title_short Microcredit and household energy consumption: Exploring the impact of The Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program in Indonesia
title_sort microcredit and household energy consumption exploring the impact of the kredit usaha rakyat kur program in indonesia
topic C36
D12
G51
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000877
work_keys_str_mv AT dianasetyawati microcreditandhouseholdenergyconsumptionexploringtheimpactofthekreditusaharakyatkurprograminindonesia
AT djonihartono microcreditandhouseholdenergyconsumptionexploringtheimpactofthekreditusaharakyatkurprograminindonesia