Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535
Lenticular galaxies (S0s) in the local Universe are generally absent of recent star formation and lack molecular gas. In this paper, we investigate one massive ( M _* ∼ 5 × 10 ^10 M _⊙ ) star-forming S0, PGC 39535, with the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). Using optical data from the Sloa...
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2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad77a1 |
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| author | Jiantong Cui Qiusheng Gu Shiying Lu Zhengyi Chen Can Xu Zeyu Gao |
| author_facet | Jiantong Cui Qiusheng Gu Shiying Lu Zhengyi Chen Can Xu Zeyu Gao |
| author_sort | Jiantong Cui |
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| description | Lenticular galaxies (S0s) in the local Universe are generally absent of recent star formation and lack molecular gas. In this paper, we investigate one massive ( M _* ∼ 5 × 10 ^10 M _⊙ ) star-forming S0, PGC 39535, with the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). Using optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory survey, we find star formation mainly concentrates in the central region of PGC 39535. The total star formation rate estimated using extinction-corrected H α flux is 1.57 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . The results of the NOEMA observation suggest that the molecular gas mainly concentrates in the central regions as a gaseous bar and a ring-like structure, and shows similar kinematics as the stellar and ionized gas components. The total molecular gas mass estimated from CO(1–0) is (5.42 ± 1.52) × 10 ^9 M _⊙ . We find PGC 39535 lies on the star-forming main sequence but falls below the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation of spiral galaxies, suggesting that the star formation efficiency may be suppressed by the massive bulge. The existence of a second Gaussian component in the CO spectrum of the central region indicates possible gas flows. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that PGC 39535 resides in the center of a massive group and the derived star formation history indicates it may experience a series of gas-rich mergers over the past 2–7 Gyr. |
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| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-35c2f7220b1a4f32b31667c3f5ec0d5e2025-08-20T02:12:14ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01975112410.3847/1538-4357/ad77a1Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535Jiantong Cui0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5336-5962Qiusheng Gu1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-3729Shiying Lu2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-2202Zhengyi Chen3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-7404Can Xu4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8437-6659Zeyu Gao5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0182-1973School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China ; qsgu@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China ; qsgu@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China ; qsgu@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China ; qsgu@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China ; qsgu@nju.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaLenticular galaxies (S0s) in the local Universe are generally absent of recent star formation and lack molecular gas. In this paper, we investigate one massive ( M _* ∼ 5 × 10 ^10 M _⊙ ) star-forming S0, PGC 39535, with the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). Using optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory survey, we find star formation mainly concentrates in the central region of PGC 39535. The total star formation rate estimated using extinction-corrected H α flux is 1.57 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . The results of the NOEMA observation suggest that the molecular gas mainly concentrates in the central regions as a gaseous bar and a ring-like structure, and shows similar kinematics as the stellar and ionized gas components. The total molecular gas mass estimated from CO(1–0) is (5.42 ± 1.52) × 10 ^9 M _⊙ . We find PGC 39535 lies on the star-forming main sequence but falls below the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation of spiral galaxies, suggesting that the star formation efficiency may be suppressed by the massive bulge. The existence of a second Gaussian component in the CO spectrum of the central region indicates possible gas flows. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that PGC 39535 resides in the center of a massive group and the derived star formation history indicates it may experience a series of gas-rich mergers over the past 2–7 Gyr.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad77a1GalaxiesGalaxy evolutionGalaxy kinematicsLenticular galaxiesEarly-type galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Jiantong Cui Qiusheng Gu Shiying Lu Zhengyi Chen Can Xu Zeyu Gao Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535 The Astrophysical Journal Galaxies Galaxy evolution Galaxy kinematics Lenticular galaxies Early-type galaxies |
| title | Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535 |
| title_full | Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535 |
| title_fullStr | Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535 |
| title_short | Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535 |
| title_sort | abundant molecular gas in the central region of lenticular galaxy pgc 39535 |
| topic | Galaxies Galaxy evolution Galaxy kinematics Lenticular galaxies Early-type galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad77a1 |
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