Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient Interactions
Stars with outflows impinging on ambient gas experience accelerations due to the gravitational feedback from the interaction morphology between the outflow and the ambient gas. Such “negative dynamical friction” (NDF), in contrast to the conventional “dynamical friction” (DF), is studied for its imp...
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| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad91a9 |
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| author | Muxin Liu Lile Wang Xiaoting Fu Luis C. Ho |
| author_facet | Muxin Liu Lile Wang Xiaoting Fu Luis C. Ho |
| author_sort | Muxin Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stars with outflows impinging on ambient gas experience accelerations due to the gravitational feedback from the interaction morphology between the outflow and the ambient gas. Such “negative dynamical friction” (NDF), in contrast to the conventional “dynamical friction” (DF), is studied for its impact on the dynamics of open clusters (OCs) immersed in a uniform ambient gas. We modify the N -body integration code REBOUND with both NDF and DF implemented according to the outflow conditions of each star in a consistently constructed OC. The evolution of stars is also involved in determining the gas–star interactions throughout their stellar lives. Compared to DF-only and gas-free models with identical initial conditions, the NDF-affected cluster is puffier and evaporates faster, as indicated by various diagnostics, including lower velocity dispersions and larger half-mass and half-light radii. Neutron stars with fast winds are expelled from the cluster due to their intensive NDF effect, even without the “kicks” by asymmetric supernovae. Exploration of parameter space confirms that the NDF effect is generally enhanced with higher ambient gas densities, in qualitative agreement with the expression of acceleration. Outflow–ambient interactions should be considered for the proper interpretation of the stellar dynamics evolution in clusters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-35b7a075288e4e5a946033b6bfdd36c3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-35b7a075288e4e5a946033b6bfdd36c32025-08-20T02:57:22ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197818710.3847/1538-4357/ad91a9Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient InteractionsMuxin Liu0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9343-8107Lile Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-7042Xiaoting Fu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-1985Luis C. Ho3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China ; lilew@pku.edu.cn; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China ; lilew@pku.edu.cn; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China ; lilew@pku.edu.cn; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaStars with outflows impinging on ambient gas experience accelerations due to the gravitational feedback from the interaction morphology between the outflow and the ambient gas. Such “negative dynamical friction” (NDF), in contrast to the conventional “dynamical friction” (DF), is studied for its impact on the dynamics of open clusters (OCs) immersed in a uniform ambient gas. We modify the N -body integration code REBOUND with both NDF and DF implemented according to the outflow conditions of each star in a consistently constructed OC. The evolution of stars is also involved in determining the gas–star interactions throughout their stellar lives. Compared to DF-only and gas-free models with identical initial conditions, the NDF-affected cluster is puffier and evaporates faster, as indicated by various diagnostics, including lower velocity dispersions and larger half-mass and half-light radii. Neutron stars with fast winds are expelled from the cluster due to their intensive NDF effect, even without the “kicks” by asymmetric supernovae. Exploration of parameter space confirms that the NDF effect is generally enhanced with higher ambient gas densities, in qualitative agreement with the expression of acceleration. Outflow–ambient interactions should be considered for the proper interpretation of the stellar dynamics evolution in clusters.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad91a9Open star clustersStellar dynamicsStellar windsStellar mass lossDynamical frictionNeutron stars |
| spellingShingle | Muxin Liu Lile Wang Xiaoting Fu Luis C. Ho Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient Interactions The Astrophysical Journal Open star clusters Stellar dynamics Stellar winds Stellar mass loss Dynamical friction Neutron stars |
| title | Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient Interactions |
| title_full | Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient Interactions |
| title_fullStr | Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient Interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient Interactions |
| title_short | Open Cluster Dynamics under the Influence of Outflow–Ambient Interactions |
| title_sort | open cluster dynamics under the influence of outflow ambient interactions |
| topic | Open star clusters Stellar dynamics Stellar winds Stellar mass loss Dynamical friction Neutron stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad91a9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muxinliu openclusterdynamicsundertheinfluenceofoutflowambientinteractions AT lilewang openclusterdynamicsundertheinfluenceofoutflowambientinteractions AT xiaotingfu openclusterdynamicsundertheinfluenceofoutflowambientinteractions AT luischo openclusterdynamicsundertheinfluenceofoutflowambientinteractions |