In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts

Abstract Background This research assessed the potential role of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal tissue wound healing by evaluating its effects on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF), human gingival fibroblast (hGF), and human osteoblast (hOB) cells in vitro. Method...

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Main Authors: Umut Ulaş Tosun, Sema Tuğçe Aydın, Ayşegül Tiryaki, Dilruba Baykara, Aleyna Yakut, Erkan Rayaman, Turgut Taşkın, Canan Ekinci Doğan, Oğuzhan Gündüz, Ömer Birkan Ağralı
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04828-8
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author Umut Ulaş Tosun
Sema Tuğçe Aydın
Ayşegül Tiryaki
Dilruba Baykara
Aleyna Yakut
Erkan Rayaman
Turgut Taşkın
Canan Ekinci Doğan
Oğuzhan Gündüz
Ömer Birkan Ağralı
author_facet Umut Ulaş Tosun
Sema Tuğçe Aydın
Ayşegül Tiryaki
Dilruba Baykara
Aleyna Yakut
Erkan Rayaman
Turgut Taşkın
Canan Ekinci Doğan
Oğuzhan Gündüz
Ömer Birkan Ağralı
author_sort Umut Ulaş Tosun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This research assessed the potential role of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal tissue wound healing by evaluating its effects on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF), human gingival fibroblast (hGF), and human osteoblast (hOB) cells in vitro. Methods The viability effect of okra extract on hPDLF, hGF, and hOB cells was determined using the MTT assay protocol. The highest viability concentrations were applied to hPDLF and hOB cells, and the expression levels of on type 1 collagen (COL1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) proteins were determined through ELISA. The extract was also tested for antioxidant (CUPRAC, DPPH, FCR, and FRAP tests), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and antimicrobial properties, and its content was determined by HPLC-DAD. Results The viability results showed no significant difference between the okra extract-treated and control groups for all cell types. In hPDLF cells, higher expression levels of COL1 and AXIN2 in the okra extract-treated group compared to the control group, while BMP2 expression level was lower. In hOB cells, the extract-treated group had higher levels of COL1, BMP2, and AXIN2 expression than the control group. Conclusion It can be posited that okra extract may activate the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and may have a beneficial impact on wound healing in periodontal tissues. However, extensive long-term in-vivo research on the activation of signalling pathways by okra extract in periodontal wound healing is required.
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issn 2662-7671
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publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher BMC
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spelling doaj-art-35b22f34e4434c81a0188da558a1b2c42025-08-20T03:03:57ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-02-0125111110.1186/s12906-025-04828-8In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impactsUmut Ulaş Tosun0Sema Tuğçe Aydın1Ayşegül Tiryaki2Dilruba Baykara3Aleyna Yakut4Erkan Rayaman5Turgut Taşkın6Canan Ekinci Doğan7Oğuzhan Gündüz8Ömer Birkan Ağralı9Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Materials, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Materials, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Professional Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Materials, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Ceramics, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara UniversityDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara UniversityAbstract Background This research assessed the potential role of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal tissue wound healing by evaluating its effects on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF), human gingival fibroblast (hGF), and human osteoblast (hOB) cells in vitro. Methods The viability effect of okra extract on hPDLF, hGF, and hOB cells was determined using the MTT assay protocol. The highest viability concentrations were applied to hPDLF and hOB cells, and the expression levels of on type 1 collagen (COL1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) proteins were determined through ELISA. The extract was also tested for antioxidant (CUPRAC, DPPH, FCR, and FRAP tests), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and antimicrobial properties, and its content was determined by HPLC-DAD. Results The viability results showed no significant difference between the okra extract-treated and control groups for all cell types. In hPDLF cells, higher expression levels of COL1 and AXIN2 in the okra extract-treated group compared to the control group, while BMP2 expression level was lower. In hOB cells, the extract-treated group had higher levels of COL1, BMP2, and AXIN2 expression than the control group. Conclusion It can be posited that okra extract may activate the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and may have a beneficial impact on wound healing in periodontal tissues. However, extensive long-term in-vivo research on the activation of signalling pathways by okra extract in periodontal wound healing is required.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04828-8OkraPeriodontal cellsWnt/β-catenin signallingWound healing
spellingShingle Umut Ulaş Tosun
Sema Tuğçe Aydın
Ayşegül Tiryaki
Dilruba Baykara
Aleyna Yakut
Erkan Rayaman
Turgut Taşkın
Canan Ekinci Doğan
Oğuzhan Gündüz
Ömer Birkan Ağralı
In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Okra
Periodontal cells
Wnt/β-catenin signalling
Wound healing
title In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts
title_full In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts
title_fullStr In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts
title_full_unstemmed In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts
title_short In-vitro evaluation of the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on periodontal cells: a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts
title_sort in vitro evaluation of the effect of okra abelmoschus esculentus l extract on periodontal cells a comprehensive study of cellular and molecular impacts
topic Okra
Periodontal cells
Wnt/β-catenin signalling
Wound healing
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04828-8
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