Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival Process
The Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based blockchain offers impressive scalability and finds applications across various sectors, notably the Internet of Things (IoT) industry. Within this domain, IOTA has been purpose-built for IoT. This article analyzes the performance of IOTA’s data structu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10840215/ |
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| author | Xing-Shuo Song Shi-Yong Li |
| author_facet | Xing-Shuo Song Shi-Yong Li |
| author_sort | Xing-Shuo Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based blockchain offers impressive scalability and finds applications across various sectors, notably the Internet of Things (IoT) industry. Within this domain, IOTA has been purpose-built for IoT. This article analyzes the performance of IOTA’s data structure Tangle based on the Markovian arrival process (MAP). Meanwhile, we have considered this situation in a newly issued transaction and selected multiple tips for validation. Firstly, we show that this Markov process is a level-dependent quasi-birth-death (QBD) process. Then, we prove that the QBD process is irreducible, positive, and recurrent. Furthermore, smooth probability vectors for the QBD process are given, and the performance of the DAG-based blockchain system is analyzed. Moreover, we verify the validity of our theoretical results with numerical examples, pointing out how some key system parameters affect the performance metrics of this system. Therefore, we hope that the methodology and results presented in this paper will shed some light on DAG-based blockchain systems so that a series of promising research projects can be developed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-35af5232d7da4e04a9a6adca7d4a2999 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-35af5232d7da4e04a9a6adca7d4a29992025-01-31T00:02:03ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113175061752310.1109/ACCESS.2025.352973910840215Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival ProcessXing-Shuo Song0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1287-7735Shi-Yong Li1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-5924School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, ChinaSchool of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, ChinaThe Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based blockchain offers impressive scalability and finds applications across various sectors, notably the Internet of Things (IoT) industry. Within this domain, IOTA has been purpose-built for IoT. This article analyzes the performance of IOTA’s data structure Tangle based on the Markovian arrival process (MAP). Meanwhile, we have considered this situation in a newly issued transaction and selected multiple tips for validation. Firstly, we show that this Markov process is a level-dependent quasi-birth-death (QBD) process. Then, we prove that the QBD process is irreducible, positive, and recurrent. Furthermore, smooth probability vectors for the QBD process are given, and the performance of the DAG-based blockchain system is analyzed. Moreover, we verify the validity of our theoretical results with numerical examples, pointing out how some key system parameters affect the performance metrics of this system. Therefore, we hope that the methodology and results presented in this paper will shed some light on DAG-based blockchain systems so that a series of promising research projects can be developed.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10840215/Internet of Things (IoT)direct acyclic graph (DAG)IOTAQBD processMarkovian arrival process (MAP) |
| spellingShingle | Xing-Shuo Song Shi-Yong Li Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival Process IEEE Access Internet of Things (IoT) direct acyclic graph (DAG) IOTA QBD process Markovian arrival process (MAP) |
| title | Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival Process |
| title_full | Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival Process |
| title_fullStr | Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival Process |
| title_short | Performance Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Systems Based on Markovian Arrival Process |
| title_sort | performance analysis of dag based blockchain systems based on markovian arrival process |
| topic | Internet of Things (IoT) direct acyclic graph (DAG) IOTA QBD process Markovian arrival process (MAP) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10840215/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xingshuosong performanceanalysisofdagbasedblockchainsystemsbasedonmarkovianarrivalprocess AT shiyongli performanceanalysisofdagbasedblockchainsystemsbasedonmarkovianarrivalprocess |