Optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silage

Abstract Background The harsh environmental conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau challenge forage preservation, necessitating resilient strategies for silage making. This study evaluated the effects of fibrolytic additives, alone or combined with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, on fermentation q...

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Main Authors: Sifan Chen, Tao Shao, Jiahui Ouyang, Jie Zhao, Junfeng Li, Zhihao Dong, Xiaojian Pu, Chengti Xu, Yajiao Zhao, Xianjun Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00795-x
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author Sifan Chen
Tao Shao
Jiahui Ouyang
Jie Zhao
Junfeng Li
Zhihao Dong
Xiaojian Pu
Chengti Xu
Yajiao Zhao
Xianjun Yuan
author_facet Sifan Chen
Tao Shao
Jiahui Ouyang
Jie Zhao
Junfeng Li
Zhihao Dong
Xiaojian Pu
Chengti Xu
Yajiao Zhao
Xianjun Yuan
author_sort Sifan Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The harsh environmental conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau challenge forage preservation, necessitating resilient strategies for silage making. This study evaluated the effects of fibrolytic additives, alone or combined with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, on fermentation quality, lignocellulose degradation, and microbial community of Elymus dahuricus silage. The Elymus dahuricus was ensiled with (1) distilled water (C), (2) formic acid (FA), (3) fibrolytic enzymes (FE), (4) fibrolytic microbial consortium (MC), and (5–8) combinations with L. plantarum (Lp) inoculants (CLp/FALp/FELp/MCLp) for 50 days. Results The results demonstrated that fibrolytic additives improved fermentation quality, evidenced by significantly (p < 0.05) higher lactic acid, dry matter and water soluble carbohydrate contents, and lower pH value and ammonia nitrogen contents. Fibrolytic additives significantly (p < 0.05) increased lignocellulose degradation, with SEM and FTIR analyses confirming structural disruption and chemical bond cleavage. The combination with Lp-inoculants further improved fermentation quality and lignocellulose degradation, with FELp demonstrating the highest lignocellulose degradation efficiency and optimal fermentation quality. Formic acid and fibrolytic enzymes established the dominance of L. plantarum by suppressing undesirable microbes and providing fermentable substrates, respectively. Fibrolytic microbial consortium increased the relative abundance of heterofermentative LAB (Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Levilactobacillus brevis) and cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium). Conclusion Combining fibrolytic enzymes with L. plantarum (FELp) presented the greatest lignocellulose degradation and optimal fermentation quality. Fibrolytic microbial consortium (MC/MCLp) promoted heterofermentative pathways, increasing acetic acid. These results highlight the potential of enzyme-bacterial synergy for improving fermentation quality of Elymus dahuricus. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-35a4692bb41c43a894f6eb2dd04190da2025-08-20T02:39:03ZengSpringerOpenChemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture2196-56412025-05-0112111110.1186/s40538-025-00795-xOptimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silageSifan Chen0Tao Shao1Jiahui Ouyang2Jie Zhao3Junfeng Li4Zhihao Dong5Xiaojian Pu6Chengti Xu7Yajiao Zhao8Xianjun Yuan9Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityGrassland Research Institute, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary SciencesGrassland Research Institute, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary SciencesKey Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background The harsh environmental conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau challenge forage preservation, necessitating resilient strategies for silage making. This study evaluated the effects of fibrolytic additives, alone or combined with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, on fermentation quality, lignocellulose degradation, and microbial community of Elymus dahuricus silage. The Elymus dahuricus was ensiled with (1) distilled water (C), (2) formic acid (FA), (3) fibrolytic enzymes (FE), (4) fibrolytic microbial consortium (MC), and (5–8) combinations with L. plantarum (Lp) inoculants (CLp/FALp/FELp/MCLp) for 50 days. Results The results demonstrated that fibrolytic additives improved fermentation quality, evidenced by significantly (p < 0.05) higher lactic acid, dry matter and water soluble carbohydrate contents, and lower pH value and ammonia nitrogen contents. Fibrolytic additives significantly (p < 0.05) increased lignocellulose degradation, with SEM and FTIR analyses confirming structural disruption and chemical bond cleavage. The combination with Lp-inoculants further improved fermentation quality and lignocellulose degradation, with FELp demonstrating the highest lignocellulose degradation efficiency and optimal fermentation quality. Formic acid and fibrolytic enzymes established the dominance of L. plantarum by suppressing undesirable microbes and providing fermentable substrates, respectively. Fibrolytic microbial consortium increased the relative abundance of heterofermentative LAB (Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Levilactobacillus brevis) and cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium). Conclusion Combining fibrolytic enzymes with L. plantarum (FELp) presented the greatest lignocellulose degradation and optimal fermentation quality. Fibrolytic microbial consortium (MC/MCLp) promoted heterofermentative pathways, increasing acetic acid. These results highlight the potential of enzyme-bacterial synergy for improving fermentation quality of Elymus dahuricus. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00795-xElymus dahuricusSilageFermentation qualityLignocellulose degradationLactiplantibacillus plantarumFibrolytic enzymes
spellingShingle Sifan Chen
Tao Shao
Jiahui Ouyang
Jie Zhao
Junfeng Li
Zhihao Dong
Xiaojian Pu
Chengti Xu
Yajiao Zhao
Xianjun Yuan
Optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silage
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Elymus dahuricus
Silage
Fermentation quality
Lignocellulose degradation
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Fibrolytic enzymes
title Optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silage
title_full Optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silage
title_fullStr Optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silage
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silage
title_short Optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation: synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Elymus dahuricus silage
title_sort optimizing fermentation quality via lignocellulose degradation synergistic effects of fibrolytic additives and lactiplantibacillus plantarum on elymus dahuricus silage
topic Elymus dahuricus
Silage
Fermentation quality
Lignocellulose degradation
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Fibrolytic enzymes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00795-x
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