From Dynamical to Steady-State Many-Body Metrology: Precision Limits and Their Attainability with Two-Body Interactions

We consider the estimation of an unknown parameter θ via a many-body probe. The probe is initially prepared in a product state and many-body time-independent interactions enhance its θ sensitivity during the dynamics and/or in the steady state. We present bounds on the quantum Fisher information, an...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ricard Puig, Pavel Sekatski, Paolo Andrea Erdman, Paolo Abiuso, John Calsamiglia, Martí Perarnau-Llobet
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-07-01
Series:PRX Quantum
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.030309
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Summary:We consider the estimation of an unknown parameter θ via a many-body probe. The probe is initially prepared in a product state and many-body time-independent interactions enhance its θ sensitivity during the dynamics and/or in the steady state. We present bounds on the quantum Fisher information, and corresponding optimal interacting Hamiltonians, for two paradigmatic scenarios for encoding θ: (i) via unitary Hamiltonian dynamics (dynamical metrology), and (ii) in the Gibbs and diagonal ensembles (time-averaged dephased state), two ubiquitous steady states of many-body open dynamics. We then move to the specific problem of estimating the strength of a magnetic field via interacting spins and derive two-body interacting Hamiltonians that can approach the fundamental precision bounds. In this case, we additionally analyze the transient regime leading to the steady states and characterize trade-offs between equilibration times and measurement precision. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive picture of the potential of many-body control in quantum sensing.
ISSN:2691-3399