Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption

Abstract Creating high-performance materials that are abundant in nature is an important area of current research to satisfy the growing need for sustainable, high-availability, low-cost functional adsorbents for industrial pollution removal systems. The natural bentonite collected from Abu Tartur a...

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Main Authors: Fatma M. Dardir, Ezzat A. Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01787-5
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author Fatma M. Dardir
Ezzat A. Ahmed
author_facet Fatma M. Dardir
Ezzat A. Ahmed
author_sort Fatma M. Dardir
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Creating high-performance materials that are abundant in nature is an important area of current research to satisfy the growing need for sustainable, high-availability, low-cost functional adsorbents for industrial pollution removal systems. The natural bentonite collected from Abu Tartur area, Western Desert, Egypt is used as a precursor in the synthesis of ZrMOF@Bentonite composite. The synthesized material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformer infrared (FT-IR), and nitrogen sorption at liquid nitrogen temperature. The already prepared adsorbent was used in the removal of methylene blue dye from polluted water. Various impacts were discussed viz., adsorbent dose, solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration of the adsorbate in order to access the equilibrium criteria. The maximum removal reached 99.8% when a pH value equal to 5 and 0.17 g of adsorbent was used, While at pH = 6, the % removal was 90%. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 13.7 mg/g at time 180 min. This result goes parallel with the calculated qe one. The inspected kinetic models were examined in order to arrive at the adsorption mechanism. The overall different kinetic models were examined and have the best value of R2 ≥ 0.96 indicating the adsorption process proceeds through a physisorption nature. The experiment data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models exhibiting a high correlation coefficient belonging to the two models (R2 ≥ 0.96). The maximum experimental qe is 29 mg/g which matches very well with the theoretically calculated one (qmax 32.28 mg/g).
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spelling doaj-art-357d58e1d25f426d87785a54875d7d402025-08-20T02:32:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-01787-5Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorptionFatma M. Dardir0Ezzat A. Ahmed1Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityAbstract Creating high-performance materials that are abundant in nature is an important area of current research to satisfy the growing need for sustainable, high-availability, low-cost functional adsorbents for industrial pollution removal systems. The natural bentonite collected from Abu Tartur area, Western Desert, Egypt is used as a precursor in the synthesis of ZrMOF@Bentonite composite. The synthesized material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformer infrared (FT-IR), and nitrogen sorption at liquid nitrogen temperature. The already prepared adsorbent was used in the removal of methylene blue dye from polluted water. Various impacts were discussed viz., adsorbent dose, solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration of the adsorbate in order to access the equilibrium criteria. The maximum removal reached 99.8% when a pH value equal to 5 and 0.17 g of adsorbent was used, While at pH = 6, the % removal was 90%. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 13.7 mg/g at time 180 min. This result goes parallel with the calculated qe one. The inspected kinetic models were examined in order to arrive at the adsorption mechanism. The overall different kinetic models were examined and have the best value of R2 ≥ 0.96 indicating the adsorption process proceeds through a physisorption nature. The experiment data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models exhibiting a high correlation coefficient belonging to the two models (R2 ≥ 0.96). The maximum experimental qe is 29 mg/g which matches very well with the theoretically calculated one (qmax 32.28 mg/g).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01787-5ZirconiumBentoniteMOFCompositeMB dyeAdsorption
spellingShingle Fatma M. Dardir
Ezzat A. Ahmed
Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption
Scientific Reports
Zirconium
Bentonite
MOF
Composite
MB dye
Adsorption
title Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption
title_full Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption
title_fullStr Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption
title_short Sustainable synthesis of nano-crystalline and heterostructural Zr MOF@Bentonite composite, as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption
title_sort sustainable synthesis of nano crystalline and heterostructural zr mof bentonite composite as a novel adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption
topic Zirconium
Bentonite
MOF
Composite
MB dye
Adsorption
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01787-5
work_keys_str_mv AT fatmamdardir sustainablesynthesisofnanocrystallineandheterostructuralzrmofbentonitecompositeasanoveladsorbentformethyleneblueadsorption
AT ezzataahmed sustainablesynthesisofnanocrystallineandheterostructuralzrmofbentonitecompositeasanoveladsorbentformethyleneblueadsorption