Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF Data

Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), the hyperspectral sensor of ISRO&rsquo;s Chandrayaan 1 mission, dedicated to map the surface mineral composition, provided an opportunity to map the lunar regolith in Global and Target modes. These high resolution hyperspectral data is used to recalibrate the pioneer...

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Main Authors: A. K. Padinharethodi, S. Kumar, Advaith CA
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-07-01
Series:The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Online Access:https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-G-2025/1147/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-1147-2025.pdf
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author A. K. Padinharethodi
S. Kumar
Advaith CA
author_facet A. K. Padinharethodi
S. Kumar
Advaith CA
author_sort A. K. Padinharethodi
collection DOAJ
description Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), the hyperspectral sensor of ISRO&rsquo;s Chandrayaan 1 mission, dedicated to map the surface mineral composition, provided an opportunity to map the lunar regolith in Global and Target modes. These high resolution hyperspectral data is used to recalibrate the pioneer work of Lucey et al. (2000) and thus estimated the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> contents of the regolith. As the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> estimations have to handle a huge amount of data, Support Vector Regression analysis (SVR) is introduced to reform the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> wt % equations for Apollo and Luna landing sites. These equations with the optimized origin are used to estimate the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> contents of the target locations. Catharina crater of the lunar near side is taken as the study area and FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> wt% of the crater are estimated with M3 data. Composite chemical content (FeO wt%+ TiO<sub>2</sub> wt %) of the Catharina crater is estimated. LRO mini RF, Hybrid-polarized, dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar of LRO mission is used to characterize the back scattering properties of the crater surface. Stokes parameters are extracted from the LRO mini RF SAR data for the same study area. Composite chemical content estimated using M3 data is compared with the Stokes total intensity parameter extracted from the LRO mini RF data. The total intensity parameter (Stokes vector S1) is directly proportional to the composite chemical content and thus shows a linear relationship.
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spelling doaj-art-3572a659b20944d6af4ed054e75dd3b82025-08-20T02:48:03ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences1682-17502194-90342025-07-01XLVIII-G-20251147115210.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-1147-2025Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF DataA. K. Padinharethodi0S. Kumar1Advaith CA2Al Sobaki General Maintenance Co LLC, Al Ain, UAEPhotogrammetry & Remote Sensing Department, Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Group, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, IndiaPhotogrammetry & Remote Sensing Department, Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Group, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, IndiaMoon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), the hyperspectral sensor of ISRO&rsquo;s Chandrayaan 1 mission, dedicated to map the surface mineral composition, provided an opportunity to map the lunar regolith in Global and Target modes. These high resolution hyperspectral data is used to recalibrate the pioneer work of Lucey et al. (2000) and thus estimated the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> contents of the regolith. As the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> estimations have to handle a huge amount of data, Support Vector Regression analysis (SVR) is introduced to reform the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> wt % equations for Apollo and Luna landing sites. These equations with the optimized origin are used to estimate the FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> contents of the target locations. Catharina crater of the lunar near side is taken as the study area and FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> wt% of the crater are estimated with M3 data. Composite chemical content (FeO wt%+ TiO<sub>2</sub> wt %) of the Catharina crater is estimated. LRO mini RF, Hybrid-polarized, dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar of LRO mission is used to characterize the back scattering properties of the crater surface. Stokes parameters are extracted from the LRO mini RF SAR data for the same study area. Composite chemical content estimated using M3 data is compared with the Stokes total intensity parameter extracted from the LRO mini RF data. The total intensity parameter (Stokes vector S1) is directly proportional to the composite chemical content and thus shows a linear relationship.https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-G-2025/1147/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-1147-2025.pdf
spellingShingle A. K. Padinharethodi
S. Kumar
Advaith CA
Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF Data
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
title Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF Data
title_full Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF Data
title_fullStr Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF Data
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF Data
title_short Estimation of Lunar FeO and TiO<sub>2</sub> with Support Vector Regression Analysis and Evaluation of the Stokes Parameter Using M3 and LRO Mini RF Data
title_sort estimation of lunar feo and tio sub 2 sub with support vector regression analysis and evaluation of the stokes parameter using m3 and lro mini rf data
url https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-G-2025/1147/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-1147-2025.pdf
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AT skumar estimationoflunarfeoandtiosub2subwithsupportvectorregressionanalysisandevaluationofthestokesparameterusingm3andlrominirfdata
AT advaithca estimationoflunarfeoandtiosub2subwithsupportvectorregressionanalysisandevaluationofthestokesparameterusingm3andlrominirfdata