How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood

Preschool education is important for developing children’s social and cognitive skills, with early mathematical ability being a strong predictor of future success. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Preschool Home Mathematics Questionnaire (PHMQ) using Rasch Model Analysis. A t...

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Main Authors: Adi Cahya Nugraha, Ira Rachmadani, Mardiana, Nur Alifa Deviar Refiyanti, Joko Soebagyo
Format: Article
Language:Indonesian
Published: Universitas Hamzanwadi 2025-07-01
Series:Jurnal Elemen
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Online Access:https://e-journal.hamzanwadi.ac.id/index.php/jel/article/view/30220
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author Adi Cahya Nugraha
Ira Rachmadani
Mardiana
Nur Alifa Deviar Refiyanti
Joko Soebagyo
author_facet Adi Cahya Nugraha
Ira Rachmadani
Mardiana
Nur Alifa Deviar Refiyanti
Joko Soebagyo
author_sort Adi Cahya Nugraha
collection DOAJ
description Preschool education is important for developing children’s social and cognitive skills, with early mathematical ability being a strong predictor of future success. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Preschool Home Mathematics Questionnaire (PHMQ) using Rasch Model Analysis. A total of 95 parents and guardians of preschool-aged children participated in the study. A total of 37 Likert-scale items were analysed. The results showed excellent person reliability (0.93) and item reliability (0.96), indicating strong consistency and well-targeted item difficulty. Of the 37 items, 32 were valid according to the Rasch fit criteria, while five items (Q13, Q15, Q22, Q24, and Q26) showed misfit based on the Outfit mean square (MNSQ), Z-standard (ZSTD), and PTMEA-CORR. The Likert scale functioned well with ordered thresholds and smooth transitions between categories. The unidimensionality test confirmed that the PHMQ measures a single construct, with 44.1% of the variance explained and only 12.8% unexplained in the first contrast. While the PHMQ shows good validity and reliability, this study focused only on basic Rasch validation. Future research should explore differential item functioning (DIF), item bias, and long-term stability to further improve this instrument and support its use in different settings.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2442-4226
language Indonesian
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Universitas Hamzanwadi
record_format Article
series Jurnal Elemen
spelling doaj-art-3570680b6a6d4260bb5992e073b4e5022025-08-20T03:43:52ZindUniversitas HamzanwadiJurnal Elemen2442-42262025-07-0111310.29408/jel.v11i3.3022037509How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhoodAdi Cahya Nugraha0Ira Rachmadani1Mardiana2Nur Alifa Deviar Refiyanti3Joko Soebagyo4Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKAUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKAUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKAUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKAUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA Preschool education is important for developing children’s social and cognitive skills, with early mathematical ability being a strong predictor of future success. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Preschool Home Mathematics Questionnaire (PHMQ) using Rasch Model Analysis. A total of 95 parents and guardians of preschool-aged children participated in the study. A total of 37 Likert-scale items were analysed. The results showed excellent person reliability (0.93) and item reliability (0.96), indicating strong consistency and well-targeted item difficulty. Of the 37 items, 32 were valid according to the Rasch fit criteria, while five items (Q13, Q15, Q22, Q24, and Q26) showed misfit based on the Outfit mean square (MNSQ), Z-standard (ZSTD), and PTMEA-CORR. The Likert scale functioned well with ordered thresholds and smooth transitions between categories. The unidimensionality test confirmed that the PHMQ measures a single construct, with 44.1% of the variance explained and only 12.8% unexplained in the first contrast. While the PHMQ shows good validity and reliability, this study focused only on basic Rasch validation. Future research should explore differential item functioning (DIF), item bias, and long-term stability to further improve this instrument and support its use in different settings. https://e-journal.hamzanwadi.ac.id/index.php/jel/article/view/30220home mathematics environmentpreschool home mathematics questionnaireRasch model analysis
spellingShingle Adi Cahya Nugraha
Ira Rachmadani
Mardiana
Nur Alifa Deviar Refiyanti
Joko Soebagyo
How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood
Jurnal Elemen
home mathematics environment
preschool home mathematics questionnaire
Rasch model analysis
title How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood
title_full How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood
title_fullStr How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood
title_full_unstemmed How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood
title_short How math happens at home: A Rasch-based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood
title_sort how math happens at home a rasch based validation of the home mathematics environment scale in early childhood
topic home mathematics environment
preschool home mathematics questionnaire
Rasch model analysis
url https://e-journal.hamzanwadi.ac.id/index.php/jel/article/view/30220
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