Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step Characteristics

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, power grids face significant challenges in balancing fluctuating renewable generation with flexible demand-side resources. Industrial loads, characterized by substantial consumption and high adjustability, provide critical flexibility to address t...

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Main Authors: Zhuo-Wei Yang, Kai Chang, Ming-Di Shao, Hao Lei, Zhi-Wei Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3398
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author Zhuo-Wei Yang
Kai Chang
Ming-Di Shao
Hao Lei
Zhi-Wei Liu
author_facet Zhuo-Wei Yang
Kai Chang
Ming-Di Shao
Hao Lei
Zhi-Wei Liu
author_sort Zhuo-Wei Yang
collection DOAJ
description With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, power grids face significant challenges in balancing fluctuating renewable generation with flexible demand-side resources. Industrial loads, characterized by substantial consumption and high adjustability, provide critical flexibility to address these challenges; however, existing methods for quantifying their response potential lack sufficient accuracy and comprehensive uncertainty characterization. This study proposes an integrated quantitative assessment framework combining Seasonal-Trend decomposition using Loess (STL), load-step feature extraction, and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). Historical industrial load data are first decomposed using STL to isolate trend and periodic patterns, while mathematically defined load-step indicators quantify intrinsic adjustability. Concurrently, a multi-dimensional willingness index reflecting past response behaviors and participation records comprehensively characterizes user response capabilities and inclinations. A GPR-based nonlinear mapping between extracted load features and response potential enables precise quantification and robust uncertainty estimation. Case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving an assessment accuracy of 91.4% and improved confidence interval characterization compared to traditional methods. These findings demonstrate the framework’s significant capability in supporting precise flexibility utilization, thereby enhancing operational stability in power grids with high renewable energy penetration.
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spelling doaj-art-353bfcd2428a4a1d9ef2d4e12f175f0c2025-08-20T03:16:46ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813339810.3390/en18133398Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step CharacteristicsZhuo-Wei Yang0Kai Chang1Ming-Di Shao2Hao Lei3Zhi-Wei Liu4School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaWith the increasing penetration of renewable energy, power grids face significant challenges in balancing fluctuating renewable generation with flexible demand-side resources. Industrial loads, characterized by substantial consumption and high adjustability, provide critical flexibility to address these challenges; however, existing methods for quantifying their response potential lack sufficient accuracy and comprehensive uncertainty characterization. This study proposes an integrated quantitative assessment framework combining Seasonal-Trend decomposition using Loess (STL), load-step feature extraction, and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). Historical industrial load data are first decomposed using STL to isolate trend and periodic patterns, while mathematically defined load-step indicators quantify intrinsic adjustability. Concurrently, a multi-dimensional willingness index reflecting past response behaviors and participation records comprehensively characterizes user response capabilities and inclinations. A GPR-based nonlinear mapping between extracted load features and response potential enables precise quantification and robust uncertainty estimation. Case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving an assessment accuracy of 91.4% and improved confidence interval characterization compared to traditional methods. These findings demonstrate the framework’s significant capability in supporting precise flexibility utilization, thereby enhancing operational stability in power grids with high renewable energy penetration.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3398industrial demand responseload step characteristicsGaussian process regressionpotential assessment
spellingShingle Zhuo-Wei Yang
Kai Chang
Ming-Di Shao
Hao Lei
Zhi-Wei Liu
Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step Characteristics
Energies
industrial demand response
load step characteristics
Gaussian process regression
potential assessment
title Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step Characteristics
title_full Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step Characteristics
title_fullStr Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step Characteristics
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step Characteristics
title_short Quantitative Assessment Method for Industrial Demand Response Potential Integrating STL Decomposition and Load Step Characteristics
title_sort quantitative assessment method for industrial demand response potential integrating stl decomposition and load step characteristics
topic industrial demand response
load step characteristics
Gaussian process regression
potential assessment
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3398
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AT mingdishao quantitativeassessmentmethodforindustrialdemandresponsepotentialintegratingstldecompositionandloadstepcharacteristics
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