A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price Prediction

In recent years, China’s vegetable market has faced frequent and drastic price fluctuations due to factors such as supply–demand relationships and climate change, which significantly affect government bodies, farmers, consumers, and other participants in the vegetable industry and supply chain. Trad...

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Main Authors: Gao Wang, Shuang Xu, Zixu Chen, Youzhu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/9/919
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author Gao Wang
Shuang Xu
Zixu Chen
Youzhu Li
author_facet Gao Wang
Shuang Xu
Zixu Chen
Youzhu Li
author_sort Gao Wang
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, China’s vegetable market has faced frequent and drastic price fluctuations due to factors such as supply–demand relationships and climate change, which significantly affect government bodies, farmers, consumers, and other participants in the vegetable industry and supply chain. Traditional forecasting methods demonstrate evident limitations in capturing the nonlinear characteristics and complex volatility patterns of price series, underscoring the necessity of developing high-precision prediction models. This study proposes a hybrid forecasting model integrating variational mode decomposition (VMD), the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA), and a gated recurrent unit (GRU). The model employs VMD for multi-scale decomposition of original price series and utilizes the FOA for adaptive optimization of the GRU’s critical parameters, effectively addressing the challenges of high volatility and nonlinearity in agricultural price forecasting. Empirical analysis conducted on daily price data of six major vegetables, specifically, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, beans, tomato, chili, and radish, from 2014 to 2024 reveals that the proposed model significantly outperforms traditional methods, single deep learning models, and other hybrid models in predictive performance. Experimental results indicate substantial improvements in key metrics including the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of Determination (R<sup>2</sup>), with R<sup>2</sup> values consistently exceeding 99.4% and achieving over 5% enhancement compared to the baseline GRU model. This research establishes a novel methodological framework for analyzing agricultural price forecasting while providing reliable technical support for market monitoring and policy regulation.
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spelling doaj-art-352f70b11150432ab2c01e5f07c7f7fa2025-08-20T02:24:46ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-04-0115991910.3390/agriculture15090919A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price PredictionGao Wang0Shuang Xu1Zixu Chen2Youzhu Li3Fiberhome Technology Group, Wuhan 430205, ChinaCollege of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Foreign Languages, City University of Wuhan, Wuhan 430083, ChinaCollege of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaIn recent years, China’s vegetable market has faced frequent and drastic price fluctuations due to factors such as supply–demand relationships and climate change, which significantly affect government bodies, farmers, consumers, and other participants in the vegetable industry and supply chain. Traditional forecasting methods demonstrate evident limitations in capturing the nonlinear characteristics and complex volatility patterns of price series, underscoring the necessity of developing high-precision prediction models. This study proposes a hybrid forecasting model integrating variational mode decomposition (VMD), the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA), and a gated recurrent unit (GRU). The model employs VMD for multi-scale decomposition of original price series and utilizes the FOA for adaptive optimization of the GRU’s critical parameters, effectively addressing the challenges of high volatility and nonlinearity in agricultural price forecasting. Empirical analysis conducted on daily price data of six major vegetables, specifically, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, beans, tomato, chili, and radish, from 2014 to 2024 reveals that the proposed model significantly outperforms traditional methods, single deep learning models, and other hybrid models in predictive performance. Experimental results indicate substantial improvements in key metrics including the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of Determination (R<sup>2</sup>), with R<sup>2</sup> values consistently exceeding 99.4% and achieving over 5% enhancement compared to the baseline GRU model. This research establishes a novel methodological framework for analyzing agricultural price forecasting while providing reliable technical support for market monitoring and policy regulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/9/919vegetable price forecastingVMDFOAGRUdeep learning
spellingShingle Gao Wang
Shuang Xu
Zixu Chen
Youzhu Li
A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price Prediction
Agriculture
vegetable price forecasting
VMD
FOA
GRU
deep learning
title A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price Prediction
title_full A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price Prediction
title_fullStr A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price Prediction
title_full_unstemmed A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price Prediction
title_short A Hybrid Model Integrating Variational Mode Decomposition and Intelligent Optimization for Vegetable Price Prediction
title_sort hybrid model integrating variational mode decomposition and intelligent optimization for vegetable price prediction
topic vegetable price forecasting
VMD
FOA
GRU
deep learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/9/919
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