Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape Analysis
Montreal experiences a significant urban heat island (UHI) effect, potentially intensified by its dense urban structure, varied vegetation, and demographic distribution, leading to substantial outdoor thermal discomfort, especially during heatwaves. To quantify this, measured thermal landscape data...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1562 |
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| author | Yassine Hedeya Abdelatif Merabtine Wahid Maref |
| author_facet | Yassine Hedeya Abdelatif Merabtine Wahid Maref |
| author_sort | Yassine Hedeya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Montreal experiences a significant urban heat island (UHI) effect, potentially intensified by its dense urban structure, varied vegetation, and demographic distribution, leading to substantial outdoor thermal discomfort, especially during heatwaves. To quantify this, measured thermal landscape data were analyzed over several months in Montreal, including heatwave periods, and outdoor thermal comfort was assessed using the humidex, discomfort index, heat index, and temperature–humidity index. The results indicated notable temperature and humidity variations across the city, with the exceedance of thermal comfort index thresholds being significantly higher during heatwaves (humidex: 10.83%, discomfort index: 53.33%, heat index: 24.77%, temperature–humidity index: 36.67%) compared to normal periods. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of UHI-induced outdoor thermal discomfort in Montreal, emphasizing its severity during heatwaves and analyzing the influence of urban density, vegetation, and anthropogenic emissions, thus offering valuable insights for urban planning strategies to mitigate public health impacts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-352345e87f36427e8cb39d6b8d6f452b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-352345e87f36427e8cb39d6b8d6f452b2025-08-20T03:52:58ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-01159156210.3390/buildings15091562Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape AnalysisYassine Hedeya0Abdelatif Merabtine1Wahid Maref2École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), University of Québec, 1100 Rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaÉcole de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), University of Québec, 1100 Rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaÉcole de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), University of Québec, 1100 Rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaMontreal experiences a significant urban heat island (UHI) effect, potentially intensified by its dense urban structure, varied vegetation, and demographic distribution, leading to substantial outdoor thermal discomfort, especially during heatwaves. To quantify this, measured thermal landscape data were analyzed over several months in Montreal, including heatwave periods, and outdoor thermal comfort was assessed using the humidex, discomfort index, heat index, and temperature–humidity index. The results indicated notable temperature and humidity variations across the city, with the exceedance of thermal comfort index thresholds being significantly higher during heatwaves (humidex: 10.83%, discomfort index: 53.33%, heat index: 24.77%, temperature–humidity index: 36.67%) compared to normal periods. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of UHI-induced outdoor thermal discomfort in Montreal, emphasizing its severity during heatwaves and analyzing the influence of urban density, vegetation, and anthropogenic emissions, thus offering valuable insights for urban planning strategies to mitigate public health impacts.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1562urban heat islandthermal comfortheatwaveland surface temperatureurban densitydemographics |
| spellingShingle | Yassine Hedeya Abdelatif Merabtine Wahid Maref Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape Analysis Buildings urban heat island thermal comfort heatwave land surface temperature urban density demographics |
| title | Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape Analysis |
| title_full | Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape Analysis |
| title_short | Evaluating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Montreal: Urban Density, Vegetation, Demographic, and Thermal Landscape Analysis |
| title_sort | evaluating the urban heat island effect in montreal urban density vegetation demographic and thermal landscape analysis |
| topic | urban heat island thermal comfort heatwave land surface temperature urban density demographics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1562 |
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