Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language

There are vast individual differences in heritage bilinguals' linguistic skills. It is not clear, however, to what extent this variation can be attributed to experience, cognitive ability or motivation. This study investigates factors influencing the acquisition of both Polish (HL = Heritage La...

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Main Authors: Magdalena Grose-Hodge, Ewa Dabrowska, Dagmar Divjak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Language Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/flang.2024.1419563/full
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author Magdalena Grose-Hodge
Ewa Dabrowska
Ewa Dabrowska
Dagmar Divjak
author_facet Magdalena Grose-Hodge
Ewa Dabrowska
Ewa Dabrowska
Dagmar Divjak
author_sort Magdalena Grose-Hodge
collection DOAJ
description There are vast individual differences in heritage bilinguals' linguistic skills. It is not clear, however, to what extent this variation can be attributed to experience, cognitive ability or motivation. This study investigates factors influencing the acquisition of both Polish (HL = Heritage Language) and English (SocL = Societal Language) of school-age children, examining the role of motivation, linguistic experience, and language aptitude. We collected and analyzed speech samples from 7- to 12-year-old participants (n = 78) residing in the UK to derive linguistic measures of fluency, syntactic complexity and lexical diversity in both languages. Additionally, a receptive grammar test was administered. Independent variables were obtained via parental questionnaires, a motivation survey and a language aptitude test. To identify predictors of heritage bilingual acquisition, we conducted least squares linear regression analyses for each language area and applied backward stepwise selection to reduce the models. Results show that predictors differ between languages and linguistic areas. Our findings highlight the role of language aptitude in bilingual development, challenge assumptions that motivation to use HL might detract from SocL development, and suggest that HL acquisition can support, rather than hinder, societal language development, as bilingual children draw on their metalinguistic awareness and cognitive skills across both languages.
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spelling doaj-art-3507e398a4604cfebcf28d5bd65630552025-08-20T02:54:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Language Sciences2813-46052025-01-01310.3389/flang.2024.14195631419563Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage languageMagdalena Grose-Hodge0Ewa Dabrowska1Ewa Dabrowska2Dagmar Divjak3Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomEnglish Language and Linguistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomDepartment of English and American Studies, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Modern Languages, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomThere are vast individual differences in heritage bilinguals' linguistic skills. It is not clear, however, to what extent this variation can be attributed to experience, cognitive ability or motivation. This study investigates factors influencing the acquisition of both Polish (HL = Heritage Language) and English (SocL = Societal Language) of school-age children, examining the role of motivation, linguistic experience, and language aptitude. We collected and analyzed speech samples from 7- to 12-year-old participants (n = 78) residing in the UK to derive linguistic measures of fluency, syntactic complexity and lexical diversity in both languages. Additionally, a receptive grammar test was administered. Independent variables were obtained via parental questionnaires, a motivation survey and a language aptitude test. To identify predictors of heritage bilingual acquisition, we conducted least squares linear regression analyses for each language area and applied backward stepwise selection to reduce the models. Results show that predictors differ between languages and linguistic areas. Our findings highlight the role of language aptitude in bilingual development, challenge assumptions that motivation to use HL might detract from SocL development, and suggest that HL acquisition can support, rather than hinder, societal language development, as bilingual children draw on their metalinguistic awareness and cognitive skills across both languages.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/flang.2024.1419563/fullbilingualismheritage language acquisitionpredictors of linguistic outcomeaptitudemotivationinput
spellingShingle Magdalena Grose-Hodge
Ewa Dabrowska
Ewa Dabrowska
Dagmar Divjak
Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language
Frontiers in Language Sciences
bilingualism
heritage language acquisition
predictors of linguistic outcome
aptitude
motivation
input
title Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language
title_full Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language
title_fullStr Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language
title_full_unstemmed Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language
title_short Bilingual acquisition during school years: predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language
title_sort bilingual acquisition during school years predictors of achievement in the societal and heritage language
topic bilingualism
heritage language acquisition
predictors of linguistic outcome
aptitude
motivation
input
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/flang.2024.1419563/full
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AT ewadabrowska bilingualacquisitionduringschoolyearspredictorsofachievementinthesocietalandheritagelanguage
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