Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults

IntroductionPoor quality of life and psychological stress have been associated with worse clinical outcomes, including anxiety and depression disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and premature mortality. Evidence suggested that physically active adults were more l...

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Main Authors: Fernanda M. Silva, José P. Ferreira, Ana M. Teixeira, Alain Massart, Pedro Duarte-Mendes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Aging
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2025.1603635/full
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author Fernanda M. Silva
Fernanda M. Silva
José P. Ferreira
Ana M. Teixeira
Alain Massart
Pedro Duarte-Mendes
Pedro Duarte-Mendes
author_facet Fernanda M. Silva
Fernanda M. Silva
José P. Ferreira
Ana M. Teixeira
Alain Massart
Pedro Duarte-Mendes
Pedro Duarte-Mendes
author_sort Fernanda M. Silva
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionPoor quality of life and psychological stress have been associated with worse clinical outcomes, including anxiety and depression disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and premature mortality. Evidence suggested that physically active adults were more likely to report better quality of life and increased capacity to deal with stress, compared to their sedentary peers. This study examines the effects of 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and stress levels in sedentary adults.MethodsThis study involved previously sedentary middle-aged workers (n = 36), randomized, and allocated into control (n = 18) and exercise (n = 18) groups. The exercise group performed 16 weeks of combined exercise training for 75 min, three times/week. The HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 survey and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Stress levels were assessed subjectively using the Perceived Stress Scale and objectively by the salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase concentrations. Intra- and inter-group analysis were performed using a mixed ANOVA or Friedman’s test.ResultsIn relation to SF-36 results, a significant improvement in the mental component summary (p = 0.047, Kendall’s W = 0.170 (small effect)) and social functioning subdomain (p = 0.040, Kendall’s W = 0.179 (small effect)) was found for the exercise group after the intervention. A significant difference between groups was found in mean differences (Δ) in the mental health subdomain, with superiority in the exercise group (exercise group, Δ = 7.50 vs. control group, Δ = −5.00; p = 0.006). After 16 weeks of follow-up, the exercise group perceived reduced stress levels compared to the control group (exercise group, Δ = −3.67 points vs. control group, Δ = 0.94 points; p > 0.05); although not significant, this result is clinically relevant. The exercise program had no significant effect on salivary stress biomarkers.DiscussionThe present study’s findings may have important clinical implications because they show that middle-aged sedentary workers are likely to benefit from adopting a regular combined exercise training regimen to promote better HRQoL (i.e., mental health component) and wellbeing.Clinical Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04868240.
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spelling doaj-art-34fc63b7f42544f190064f76556d24ff2025-08-20T03:46:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging2673-62172025-08-01610.3389/fragi.2025.16036351603635Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adultsFernanda M. Silva0Fernanda M. Silva1José P. Ferreira2Ana M. Teixeira3Alain Massart4Pedro Duarte-Mendes5Pedro Duarte-Mendes6Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIPER, Coimbra, PortugalSchool of Education and Communication, University of Algarve, Faro, PortugalFaculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIPER, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIPER, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIPER, Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Sports and Well-being, Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, PortugalSport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Castelo Branco, PortugalIntroductionPoor quality of life and psychological stress have been associated with worse clinical outcomes, including anxiety and depression disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and premature mortality. Evidence suggested that physically active adults were more likely to report better quality of life and increased capacity to deal with stress, compared to their sedentary peers. This study examines the effects of 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and stress levels in sedentary adults.MethodsThis study involved previously sedentary middle-aged workers (n = 36), randomized, and allocated into control (n = 18) and exercise (n = 18) groups. The exercise group performed 16 weeks of combined exercise training for 75 min, three times/week. The HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 survey and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Stress levels were assessed subjectively using the Perceived Stress Scale and objectively by the salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase concentrations. Intra- and inter-group analysis were performed using a mixed ANOVA or Friedman’s test.ResultsIn relation to SF-36 results, a significant improvement in the mental component summary (p = 0.047, Kendall’s W = 0.170 (small effect)) and social functioning subdomain (p = 0.040, Kendall’s W = 0.179 (small effect)) was found for the exercise group after the intervention. A significant difference between groups was found in mean differences (Δ) in the mental health subdomain, with superiority in the exercise group (exercise group, Δ = 7.50 vs. control group, Δ = −5.00; p = 0.006). After 16 weeks of follow-up, the exercise group perceived reduced stress levels compared to the control group (exercise group, Δ = −3.67 points vs. control group, Δ = 0.94 points; p > 0.05); although not significant, this result is clinically relevant. The exercise program had no significant effect on salivary stress biomarkers.DiscussionThe present study’s findings may have important clinical implications because they show that middle-aged sedentary workers are likely to benefit from adopting a regular combined exercise training regimen to promote better HRQoL (i.e., mental health component) and wellbeing.Clinical Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04868240.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2025.1603635/fullpsychological stresswellbeingHRQOLphysical activitysedentary behavior
spellingShingle Fernanda M. Silva
Fernanda M. Silva
José P. Ferreira
Ana M. Teixeira
Alain Massart
Pedro Duarte-Mendes
Pedro Duarte-Mendes
Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults
Frontiers in Aging
psychological stress
wellbeing
HRQOL
physical activity
sedentary behavior
title Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults
title_full Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults
title_fullStr Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults
title_full_unstemmed Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults
title_short Effects of combined aerobic-resistance training on health-related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults
title_sort effects of combined aerobic resistance training on health related quality of life and stress in sedentary adults
topic psychological stress
wellbeing
HRQOL
physical activity
sedentary behavior
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2025.1603635/full
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