Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review

Critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) are a significant issue in reconstructive surgery, demanding the development of improved biomaterials to promote bone regeneration. Composite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives because of their ability to approximate native bone's hierarchical...

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Main Authors: Amr Abdallah, El-Ghoul W., Ahmed Abdallah, Samar Elsharkawy, Samar Saeed, Nesrine Ebrahim, Ahmed Abdelgalil, Ashraf Shamaa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Egyptian Society for Animal Management 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://javs.journals.ekb.eg/article_418509_2875e36d70ddb9106dbe832b5c2513ea.pdf
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author Amr Abdallah
El-Ghoul W.
Ahmed Abdallah
Samar Elsharkawy
Samar Saeed
Nesrine Ebrahim
Ahmed Abdelgalil
Ashraf Shamaa
author_facet Amr Abdallah
El-Ghoul W.
Ahmed Abdallah
Samar Elsharkawy
Samar Saeed
Nesrine Ebrahim
Ahmed Abdelgalil
Ashraf Shamaa
author_sort Amr Abdallah
collection DOAJ
description Critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) are a significant issue in reconstructive surgery, demanding the development of improved biomaterials to promote bone regeneration. Composite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives because of their ability to approximate native bone's hierarchical structure while also providing specific mechanical and biological qualities. IN this narrative review, a complete discussion of material selection for composite construction including bio ceramics, polymers, and bioactive agents were summarized. this review determines the most recent fabrication techniques used in composite synthesis, such as solvent casting, electrospinning, freeze-drying, and 3D printing, focusing on their effects on structural integrity and bioactivity.  Details of the most used composites were also summarized. Additionally, different bone healing assessment approaches were explored to determine the efficacy of these composites in promoting bone regeneration. Over all the composites containing biomaterials like natural bone, such as hydroxyapatite and collagen, are the most widely used composites, due to their excellent osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties.Fabrication methods are tailored to the desired composite properties, electrospinning is the choice for the precise fabrication of nanofibrous composites with high surface area. While Sol-gel processing was used if high-purity, bioactive ceramic-polymer composites are required. Additionally freeze-drying method was used if a highly porous composite structure was required for rapid vascularization. Micro-CT is the most reliable technique for non-destructively analyzing the structure, degradation, and osseointegration of composites using high-resolution imaging. In conclusion Composites are expected to provide an effective long-term solution for CSBD and offer insight that may inform future human bone regeneration strategies and veterinary regenerative therapies.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Egyptian Society for Animal Management
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spelling doaj-art-34f93707eea44dcabddd62a802c293d82025-08-20T03:03:17ZengEgyptian Society for Animal ManagementJournal of Applied Veterinary Sciences1687-40722090-33082025-04-0110211012710.21608/javs.2025.359578.1535418509Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative reviewAmr Abdallah0El-Ghoul W.1Ahmed Abdallah2Samar Elsharkawy3Samar Saeed4Nesrine Ebrahim5Ahmed Abdelgalil6Ashraf Shamaa7Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptDepartment of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptDepartment of Hormones, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, EgyptDepartment of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptNational Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptDepartment of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt; Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, EgyptDepartment of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptCritical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) are a significant issue in reconstructive surgery, demanding the development of improved biomaterials to promote bone regeneration. Composite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives because of their ability to approximate native bone's hierarchical structure while also providing specific mechanical and biological qualities. IN this narrative review, a complete discussion of material selection for composite construction including bio ceramics, polymers, and bioactive agents were summarized. this review determines the most recent fabrication techniques used in composite synthesis, such as solvent casting, electrospinning, freeze-drying, and 3D printing, focusing on their effects on structural integrity and bioactivity.  Details of the most used composites were also summarized. Additionally, different bone healing assessment approaches were explored to determine the efficacy of these composites in promoting bone regeneration. Over all the composites containing biomaterials like natural bone, such as hydroxyapatite and collagen, are the most widely used composites, due to their excellent osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties.Fabrication methods are tailored to the desired composite properties, electrospinning is the choice for the precise fabrication of nanofibrous composites with high surface area. While Sol-gel processing was used if high-purity, bioactive ceramic-polymer composites are required. Additionally freeze-drying method was used if a highly porous composite structure was required for rapid vascularization. Micro-CT is the most reliable technique for non-destructively analyzing the structure, degradation, and osseointegration of composites using high-resolution imaging. In conclusion Composites are expected to provide an effective long-term solution for CSBD and offer insight that may inform future human bone regeneration strategies and veterinary regenerative therapies.https://javs.journals.ekb.eg/article_418509_2875e36d70ddb9106dbe832b5c2513ea.pdfbiomaterialsbone compositebone healingfabricationregenerative medicine
spellingShingle Amr Abdallah
El-Ghoul W.
Ahmed Abdallah
Samar Elsharkawy
Samar Saeed
Nesrine Ebrahim
Ahmed Abdelgalil
Ashraf Shamaa
Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review
Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences
biomaterials
bone composite
bone healing
fabrication
regenerative medicine
title Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review
title_full Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review
title_short Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review
title_sort recent advances in composite materials for the treatment of critical size bone defects a narrative review
topic biomaterials
bone composite
bone healing
fabrication
regenerative medicine
url https://javs.journals.ekb.eg/article_418509_2875e36d70ddb9106dbe832b5c2513ea.pdf
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