Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New Mexico

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an underreported emerging pathogen and was recently included as a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) priority pathogen. LCMV is an important cause of aseptic meningitis and has high morbidity and mortality during congenital and o...

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Main Authors: Jordan T. Gass, Robert A. Nofchissey, Frances M. Twohig, Chunyan Ye, Samuel M. Goodfellow, Kimiknu Mentore, Marcos Burgos, Oscar Negrete, Shannon Whitmer, John D. Klena, Deborah Cannon, Leanna Sayyad, Steven B. Bradfute
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2542250
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author Jordan T. Gass
Robert A. Nofchissey
Frances M. Twohig
Chunyan Ye
Samuel M. Goodfellow
Kimiknu Mentore
Marcos Burgos
Oscar Negrete
Shannon Whitmer
John D. Klena
Deborah Cannon
Leanna Sayyad
Steven B. Bradfute
author_facet Jordan T. Gass
Robert A. Nofchissey
Frances M. Twohig
Chunyan Ye
Samuel M. Goodfellow
Kimiknu Mentore
Marcos Burgos
Oscar Negrete
Shannon Whitmer
John D. Klena
Deborah Cannon
Leanna Sayyad
Steven B. Bradfute
author_sort Jordan T. Gass
collection DOAJ
description Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an underreported emerging pathogen and was recently included as a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) priority pathogen. LCMV is an important cause of aseptic meningitis and has high morbidity and mortality during congenital and organ-transplant transmission. The house mouse, Mus musculus, is a reservoir for LCMV, and human infection occurs through exposure to aerosolized virus from the mouse excreta. In 2023, an immunocompetent patient in Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM), became infected with LCMV and experienced severe disease, representing a unique disease presentation as LCMV rarely causes disease in immunocompetent individuals. We trapped 20 Mus musculus in the patient’s home and tested for LCMV prevalence using PCR and ELISA. We found that 17/20 mice had LCMV RNA in their livers, while 3/20 had detectable anti-LCMV antibodies. We sequenced the complete coding region of the LCMV genome, revealing a novel strain, LCMV-ABQ. This represents the first documented LCMV strain from New Mexico. The S segment nucleotide sequence of LCMV-ABQ was 87.28% homologous to the closest related LCMV (strain 201102714), and the L segment was 82.03% homologous to strain Traub. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LCMV-ABQ falls into lineage I. We surveyed 69 additional Mus musculus across four distinct sites in New Mexico, none of which were PCR-positive for LCMV. Thus, the patient’s home represents a hot spot for LCMV prevalence in New Mexico. This work informs the distribution and genetics of LCMV, which is increasingly recognized as an emerging pathogen of public health concern.
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spelling doaj-art-34ea72de0c774786bc6dac16b7e2dc4f2025-08-21T11:13:36ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2542250Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New MexicoJordan T. Gass0Robert A. Nofchissey1Frances M. Twohig2Chunyan Ye3Samuel M. Goodfellow4Kimiknu Mentore5Marcos Burgos6Oscar Negrete7Shannon Whitmer8John D. Klena9Deborah Cannon10Leanna Sayyad11Steven B. Bradfute12University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USAUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USAUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USAUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USAUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USAUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USAUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USADepartment of Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USACenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USALymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an underreported emerging pathogen and was recently included as a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) priority pathogen. LCMV is an important cause of aseptic meningitis and has high morbidity and mortality during congenital and organ-transplant transmission. The house mouse, Mus musculus, is a reservoir for LCMV, and human infection occurs through exposure to aerosolized virus from the mouse excreta. In 2023, an immunocompetent patient in Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM), became infected with LCMV and experienced severe disease, representing a unique disease presentation as LCMV rarely causes disease in immunocompetent individuals. We trapped 20 Mus musculus in the patient’s home and tested for LCMV prevalence using PCR and ELISA. We found that 17/20 mice had LCMV RNA in their livers, while 3/20 had detectable anti-LCMV antibodies. We sequenced the complete coding region of the LCMV genome, revealing a novel strain, LCMV-ABQ. This represents the first documented LCMV strain from New Mexico. The S segment nucleotide sequence of LCMV-ABQ was 87.28% homologous to the closest related LCMV (strain 201102714), and the L segment was 82.03% homologous to strain Traub. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LCMV-ABQ falls into lineage I. We surveyed 69 additional Mus musculus across four distinct sites in New Mexico, none of which were PCR-positive for LCMV. Thus, the patient’s home represents a hot spot for LCMV prevalence in New Mexico. This work informs the distribution and genetics of LCMV, which is increasingly recognized as an emerging pathogen of public health concern.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2542250LCMVlymphocytic choriomeningitis virusMus musculusSanger sequencingphylogenetic analysisNew Mexico
spellingShingle Jordan T. Gass
Robert A. Nofchissey
Frances M. Twohig
Chunyan Ye
Samuel M. Goodfellow
Kimiknu Mentore
Marcos Burgos
Oscar Negrete
Shannon Whitmer
John D. Klena
Deborah Cannon
Leanna Sayyad
Steven B. Bradfute
Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New Mexico
Emerging Microbes and Infections
LCMV
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Mus musculus
Sanger sequencing
phylogenetic analysis
New Mexico
title Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New Mexico
title_full Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New Mexico
title_fullStr Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New Mexico
title_full_unstemmed Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New Mexico
title_short Discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient, New Mexico
title_sort discovery of a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain associated with severe human disease in immunocompetent patient new mexico
topic LCMV
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Mus musculus
Sanger sequencing
phylogenetic analysis
New Mexico
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2542250
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