Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study

Background: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved immunologic and virologic outcomes, as well as the quality of life of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, it has worsened a wide range of metabolic derangements associated with HIV/AIDS. A wide range of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Esther A. Ekwe, Birinus A. Ezeala-Adikaibe, Basden Onwubere, Julius Okoye, Collins Ugwu, Chidinma B. Nwatu, Ijoma Chinweuba, Chidimma Orah-Okpala, Raphael Anakwue, Oladipupo O. Fasa, Celestine C. Okwara, Uchechi Q. Arinze, Paschal Njoku
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2024-07-01
Series:International Journal of Medicine and Health Development
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_15_24
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1832586498609774592
author Esther A. Ekwe
Birinus A. Ezeala-Adikaibe
Basden Onwubere
Julius Okoye
Collins Ugwu
Chidinma B. Nwatu
Ijoma Chinweuba
Chidimma Orah-Okpala
Raphael Anakwue
Oladipupo O. Fasa
Celestine C. Okwara
Uchechi Q. Arinze
Paschal Njoku
author_facet Esther A. Ekwe
Birinus A. Ezeala-Adikaibe
Basden Onwubere
Julius Okoye
Collins Ugwu
Chidinma B. Nwatu
Ijoma Chinweuba
Chidimma Orah-Okpala
Raphael Anakwue
Oladipupo O. Fasa
Celestine C. Okwara
Uchechi Q. Arinze
Paschal Njoku
author_sort Esther A. Ekwe
collection DOAJ
description Background: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved immunologic and virologic outcomes, as well as the quality of life of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, it has worsened a wide range of metabolic derangements associated with HIV/AIDS. A wide range of lipid abnormalities and dysglycemia have been reported in patients on HARRT. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, a tertiary hospital in southeast Nigeria. A fasting venous blood sample was used to check for fasting plasma glucose. Results: Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in HARRT-exposed individuals (P < 0.01). This is also true for total cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.01). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly higher in HAART-naïve individuals while low-density lipoprotein was higher in the control group. Comparing HAART-exposed patients and HAART-naïve patients, significantly more HAART-naïve patients had lower HDL (abnormal), P = 0.04, odds ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.45. HAART-naïve patients had higher rates of abnormal results, except for fasting plasma glucose. Conclusion: HAART-exposed and HAART-naïve HIV/AIDS patients have a high level of dyslipidemia compared with normal HIV-negative patients, and this effect is more pronounced in male patients than female patients. There should be increased surveillance for metabolic derangements in these patients at the time of diagnosis and recruitment into the HAART program. There is a need for the treatment of dyslipidemia in such patients.
format Article
id doaj-art-34ea2cd643454026b590ba5973c56775
institution Kabale University
issn 2635-3695
2667-2863
language English
publishDate 2024-07-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series International Journal of Medicine and Health Development
spelling doaj-art-34ea2cd643454026b590ba5973c567752025-01-25T10:09:58ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsInternational Journal of Medicine and Health Development2635-36952667-28632024-07-0129320521110.4103/ijmh.ijmh_15_24Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control StudyEsther A. EkweBirinus A. Ezeala-AdikaibeBasden OnwubereJulius OkoyeCollins UgwuChidinma B. NwatuIjoma ChinweubaChidimma Orah-OkpalaRaphael AnakwueOladipupo O. FasaCelestine C. OkwaraUchechi Q. ArinzePaschal NjokuBackground: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved immunologic and virologic outcomes, as well as the quality of life of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, it has worsened a wide range of metabolic derangements associated with HIV/AIDS. A wide range of lipid abnormalities and dysglycemia have been reported in patients on HARRT. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, a tertiary hospital in southeast Nigeria. A fasting venous blood sample was used to check for fasting plasma glucose. Results: Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in HARRT-exposed individuals (P < 0.01). This is also true for total cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.01). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly higher in HAART-naïve individuals while low-density lipoprotein was higher in the control group. Comparing HAART-exposed patients and HAART-naïve patients, significantly more HAART-naïve patients had lower HDL (abnormal), P = 0.04, odds ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.45. HAART-naïve patients had higher rates of abnormal results, except for fasting plasma glucose. Conclusion: HAART-exposed and HAART-naïve HIV/AIDS patients have a high level of dyslipidemia compared with normal HIV-negative patients, and this effect is more pronounced in male patients than female patients. There should be increased surveillance for metabolic derangements in these patients at the time of diagnosis and recruitment into the HAART program. There is a need for the treatment of dyslipidemia in such patients.https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_15_24dyslipidemiaglycemic controlharrthiv/aidsnigeria
spellingShingle Esther A. Ekwe
Birinus A. Ezeala-Adikaibe
Basden Onwubere
Julius Okoye
Collins Ugwu
Chidinma B. Nwatu
Ijoma Chinweuba
Chidimma Orah-Okpala
Raphael Anakwue
Oladipupo O. Fasa
Celestine C. Okwara
Uchechi Q. Arinze
Paschal Njoku
Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study
International Journal of Medicine and Health Development
dyslipidemia
glycemic control
harrt
hiv/aids
nigeria
title Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study
title_full Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study
title_fullStr Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study
title_short Serum Lipid and Glycemic Profile in HARRT-Naïve and HARRT-Exposed HIV Patients in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Case–Control Study
title_sort serum lipid and glycemic profile in harrt naive and harrt exposed hiv patients in enugu state nigeria a case control study
topic dyslipidemia
glycemic control
harrt
hiv/aids
nigeria
url https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_15_24
work_keys_str_mv AT estheraekwe serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT birinusaezealaadikaibe serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT basdenonwubere serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT juliusokoye serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT collinsugwu serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT chidinmabnwatu serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT ijomachinweuba serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT chidimmaorahokpala serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT raphaelanakwue serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT oladipupoofasa serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT celestinecokwara serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT uchechiqarinze serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy
AT paschalnjoku serumlipidandglycemicprofileinharrtnaiveandharrtexposedhivpatientsinenugustatenigeriaacasecontrolstudy