Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress

Cells react to stress by triggering response pathways, leading to extensive alterations in the transcriptome to restore cellular homeostasis. The role of RNA metabolism in shaping the cellular response to stress is vital, yet the global changes in RNA stability under these conditions remain unclear....

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Main Authors: Showkat Ahmad Dar, Sulochan Malla, Vlastimil Martinek, Matthew John Payea, Christopher Tai-Yi Lee, Jessica Martin, Aditya Jignesh Khandeshi, Jennifer L Martindale, Cedric Belair, Manolis Maragkakis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2024-12-01
Series:eLife
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Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/96284
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author Showkat Ahmad Dar
Sulochan Malla
Vlastimil Martinek
Matthew John Payea
Christopher Tai-Yi Lee
Jessica Martin
Aditya Jignesh Khandeshi
Jennifer L Martindale
Cedric Belair
Manolis Maragkakis
author_facet Showkat Ahmad Dar
Sulochan Malla
Vlastimil Martinek
Matthew John Payea
Christopher Tai-Yi Lee
Jessica Martin
Aditya Jignesh Khandeshi
Jennifer L Martindale
Cedric Belair
Manolis Maragkakis
author_sort Showkat Ahmad Dar
collection DOAJ
description Cells react to stress by triggering response pathways, leading to extensive alterations in the transcriptome to restore cellular homeostasis. The role of RNA metabolism in shaping the cellular response to stress is vital, yet the global changes in RNA stability under these conditions remain unclear. In this work, we employ direct RNA sequencing with nanopores, enhanced by 5ʹ end adapter ligation, to comprehensively interrogate the human transcriptome at single-molecule and -nucleotide resolution. By developing a statistical framework to identify robust RNA length variations in nanopore data, we find that cellular stress induces prevalent 5ʹ end RNA decay that is coupled to translation and ribosome occupancy. Unlike typical RNA decay models in normal conditions, we show that stress-induced RNA decay is dependent on XRN1 but does not depend on deadenylation or decapping. We observed that RNAs undergoing decay are predominantly enriched in the stress granule transcriptome while inhibition of stress granule formation via genetic ablation of G3BP1 and G3BP2 rescues RNA length. Our findings reveal RNA decay as a key component of RNA metabolism upon cellular stress that is dependent on stress granule formation.
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spelling doaj-art-34e5ddc7174d41d08480a88894c08ed02025-08-20T01:58:33ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2024-12-011310.7554/eLife.96284Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stressShowkat Ahmad Dar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-1925Sulochan Malla1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-4597Vlastimil Martinek2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-1830Matthew John Payea3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-4563Christopher Tai-Yi Lee4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-256XJessica Martin5https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0830-9289Aditya Jignesh Khandeshi6https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8541-1702Jennifer L Martindale7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-6861Cedric Belair8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-2060Manolis Maragkakis9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-1763Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesLaboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United StatesCells react to stress by triggering response pathways, leading to extensive alterations in the transcriptome to restore cellular homeostasis. The role of RNA metabolism in shaping the cellular response to stress is vital, yet the global changes in RNA stability under these conditions remain unclear. In this work, we employ direct RNA sequencing with nanopores, enhanced by 5ʹ end adapter ligation, to comprehensively interrogate the human transcriptome at single-molecule and -nucleotide resolution. By developing a statistical framework to identify robust RNA length variations in nanopore data, we find that cellular stress induces prevalent 5ʹ end RNA decay that is coupled to translation and ribosome occupancy. Unlike typical RNA decay models in normal conditions, we show that stress-induced RNA decay is dependent on XRN1 but does not depend on deadenylation or decapping. We observed that RNAs undergoing decay are predominantly enriched in the stress granule transcriptome while inhibition of stress granule formation via genetic ablation of G3BP1 and G3BP2 rescues RNA length. Our findings reveal RNA decay as a key component of RNA metabolism upon cellular stress that is dependent on stress granule formation.https://elifesciences.org/articles/96284stress responsecell lineRNA decay
spellingShingle Showkat Ahmad Dar
Sulochan Malla
Vlastimil Martinek
Matthew John Payea
Christopher Tai-Yi Lee
Jessica Martin
Aditya Jignesh Khandeshi
Jennifer L Martindale
Cedric Belair
Manolis Maragkakis
Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
eLife
stress response
cell line
RNA decay
title Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
title_full Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
title_fullStr Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
title_full_unstemmed Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
title_short Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
title_sort full length direct rna sequencing uncovers stress granule dependent rna decay upon cellular stress
topic stress response
cell line
RNA decay
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/96284
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