Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategy

This study investigates hybrid laser–plasma surface modification strategies for metal–CFRTP (carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer) dissimilar joints to improve their bonding performance, in contrast to existing literature that mostly focuses on either plasma or laser treatment alone. By con...

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Main Authors: Brodey Z. Lu, Yao Qiao, Ethan K. Nickerson, Yongsoon Shin, Gabrielle M. Schuler, Nate L. Brown, Nathan L. Canfield, Kevin L. Simmons
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009219
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author Brodey Z. Lu
Yao Qiao
Ethan K. Nickerson
Yongsoon Shin
Gabrielle M. Schuler
Nate L. Brown
Nathan L. Canfield
Kevin L. Simmons
author_facet Brodey Z. Lu
Yao Qiao
Ethan K. Nickerson
Yongsoon Shin
Gabrielle M. Schuler
Nate L. Brown
Nathan L. Canfield
Kevin L. Simmons
author_sort Brodey Z. Lu
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates hybrid laser–plasma surface modification strategies for metal–CFRTP (carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer) dissimilar joints to improve their bonding performance, in contrast to existing literature that mostly focuses on either plasma or laser treatment alone. By conducting double cantilever beam (DCB) tests on adhesively-bonded AA5052 and CFRPA66 (carbon-fiber-reinforced polyamide 66) joints, as an example of metal–CFRTP joints, it was found that laser engraving on the metal surface combined with plasma treatment on the CFRTP surface significantly improved the specific fracture energy of the joint by 187% and 31% compared to as-received and plasma-treated-only joints, respectively. However, the hybrid treatment of laser engraving and plasma on the investigated CFRTP surface did not improve the bonding performance of the joints. The underlying mechanisms related to hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategies were further investigated by examining the surface and cross-sectional morphologies after DCB testing using microscopy. Computational modeling was performed to elucidate the interaction between grooves on the metal substrate and the CFRTP–adhesive interfacial bonding in metal–CFRTP joints. This study provides new insights into developing surface modification methods for achieving strong metal–CFRTP adhesive joints, aimed at lightweighting structural components in automotive, aerospace, and other applications.
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spelling doaj-art-34d8914873ea418bb2f912bb7f0bf12c2025-08-20T04:01:48ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-09-0125711450110.1016/j.matdes.2025.114501Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategyBrodey Z. Lu0Yao Qiao1Ethan K. Nickerson2Yongsoon Shin3Gabrielle M. Schuler4Nate L. Brown5Nathan L. Canfield6Kevin L. Simmons7Northwestern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IL, 60208, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, 99354, USA; Corresponding author.Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, 99354, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, 99354, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, 99354, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, 99354, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, 99354, USAPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, 99354, USAThis study investigates hybrid laser–plasma surface modification strategies for metal–CFRTP (carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer) dissimilar joints to improve their bonding performance, in contrast to existing literature that mostly focuses on either plasma or laser treatment alone. By conducting double cantilever beam (DCB) tests on adhesively-bonded AA5052 and CFRPA66 (carbon-fiber-reinforced polyamide 66) joints, as an example of metal–CFRTP joints, it was found that laser engraving on the metal surface combined with plasma treatment on the CFRTP surface significantly improved the specific fracture energy of the joint by 187% and 31% compared to as-received and plasma-treated-only joints, respectively. However, the hybrid treatment of laser engraving and plasma on the investigated CFRTP surface did not improve the bonding performance of the joints. The underlying mechanisms related to hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategies were further investigated by examining the surface and cross-sectional morphologies after DCB testing using microscopy. Computational modeling was performed to elucidate the interaction between grooves on the metal substrate and the CFRTP–adhesive interfacial bonding in metal–CFRTP joints. This study provides new insights into developing surface modification methods for achieving strong metal–CFRTP adhesive joints, aimed at lightweighting structural components in automotive, aerospace, and other applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009219Carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers (CFRTPs)PolyamideAdhesive bondingSurface laser ablation and engravingPlasma surface treatmentHybrid surface treatment
spellingShingle Brodey Z. Lu
Yao Qiao
Ethan K. Nickerson
Yongsoon Shin
Gabrielle M. Schuler
Nate L. Brown
Nathan L. Canfield
Kevin L. Simmons
Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategy
Materials & Design
Carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers (CFRTPs)
Polyamide
Adhesive bonding
Surface laser ablation and engraving
Plasma surface treatment
Hybrid surface treatment
title Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategy
title_full Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategy
title_fullStr Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategy
title_full_unstemmed Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategy
title_short Improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser-plasma surface modification strategy
title_sort improving adhesive bonding of short carbon fiber thermoplastic composites to aluminum alloys with a hybrid laser plasma surface modification strategy
topic Carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers (CFRTPs)
Polyamide
Adhesive bonding
Surface laser ablation and engraving
Plasma surface treatment
Hybrid surface treatment
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009219
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