Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet Flames
Cryogenic compressed hydrogen (CcH2) technology combines the advantages of high pressure and low temperature to achieve high hydrogen storage density without liquefying the hydrogen, which has broad application prospects. However, the safety concerns related to cryogenic hydrogen need to be carefull...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Fire |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/11/406 |
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| author | Shishuai Nie Peng Cai Huan Liu Yonghao Zhou Yi Liu Anfeng Yu |
| author_facet | Shishuai Nie Peng Cai Huan Liu Yonghao Zhou Yi Liu Anfeng Yu |
| author_sort | Shishuai Nie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cryogenic compressed hydrogen (CcH2) technology combines the advantages of high pressure and low temperature to achieve high hydrogen storage density without liquefying the hydrogen, which has broad application prospects. However, the safety concerns related to cryogenic hydrogen need to be carefully addressed beforehand. In the present work, cryogenic hydrogen jet flames are experimentally investigated for various release pressures and initial temperatures. The flame length and thermal radiation flux were measured for horizontally releasing with nozzle diameters of 0.5–2 mm, temperatures ranging from 93 to 298 K, and initial pressures of 2–10 MPa. The results show that the flame length is dependent on the nozzle diameter, stagnation pressure and temperature. At a given pressure, the flame length, size and total radiant power increase with decreasing temperature, which is attributed to the lower jet flow velocity and higher density of low-temperature hydrogen. The normalized flame length <i>L<sub>f</sub></i>/<i>D</i> is correlated with the pressure ratio and temperature ratio. The correlation can be used to predict the flame length at various hydrogen pressures and temperatures. The normalized flame length of the cryogenic hydrogen jet flame is greater than that of the room-temperature hydrogen jet flame. The radiative heat flux of the flame can be predicted by the mass flow rate of the jet flow. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-34d5b446d05e477a8c46ff8e1390577d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2571-6255 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fire |
| spelling | doaj-art-34d5b446d05e477a8c46ff8e1390577d2024-11-26T18:03:48ZengMDPI AGFire2571-62552024-11-0171140610.3390/fire7110406Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet FlamesShishuai Nie0Peng Cai1Huan Liu2Yonghao Zhou3Yi Liu4Anfeng Yu5State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, ChinaCryogenic compressed hydrogen (CcH2) technology combines the advantages of high pressure and low temperature to achieve high hydrogen storage density without liquefying the hydrogen, which has broad application prospects. However, the safety concerns related to cryogenic hydrogen need to be carefully addressed beforehand. In the present work, cryogenic hydrogen jet flames are experimentally investigated for various release pressures and initial temperatures. The flame length and thermal radiation flux were measured for horizontally releasing with nozzle diameters of 0.5–2 mm, temperatures ranging from 93 to 298 K, and initial pressures of 2–10 MPa. The results show that the flame length is dependent on the nozzle diameter, stagnation pressure and temperature. At a given pressure, the flame length, size and total radiant power increase with decreasing temperature, which is attributed to the lower jet flow velocity and higher density of low-temperature hydrogen. The normalized flame length <i>L<sub>f</sub></i>/<i>D</i> is correlated with the pressure ratio and temperature ratio. The correlation can be used to predict the flame length at various hydrogen pressures and temperatures. The normalized flame length of the cryogenic hydrogen jet flame is greater than that of the room-temperature hydrogen jet flame. The radiative heat flux of the flame can be predicted by the mass flow rate of the jet flow.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/11/406cryogenic hydrogenjet flamesflame lengththermal radiation |
| spellingShingle | Shishuai Nie Peng Cai Huan Liu Yonghao Zhou Yi Liu Anfeng Yu Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet Flames Fire cryogenic hydrogen jet flames flame length thermal radiation |
| title | Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet Flames |
| title_full | Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet Flames |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet Flames |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet Flames |
| title_short | Experimental Study on Cryogenic Compressed Hydrogen Jet Flames |
| title_sort | experimental study on cryogenic compressed hydrogen jet flames |
| topic | cryogenic hydrogen jet flames flame length thermal radiation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/11/406 |
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