Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High Schools
Previous research has provided compelling evidence of a strong connection between extracurricular activities and positive youth development. While both school offerings and student participation affect the outcomes of extracurricular activities, earlier studies have primarily focused on student part...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Open Education Studies |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2025-0093 |
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| _version_ | 1849429534434131968 |
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| author | Tang Amy Wang Yang Tang Chunqiang |
| author_facet | Tang Amy Wang Yang Tang Chunqiang |
| author_sort | Tang Amy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous research has provided compelling evidence of a strong connection between extracurricular activities and positive youth development. While both school offerings and student participation affect the outcomes of extracurricular activities, earlier studies have primarily focused on student participation. In contrast, this study shifts the focus to school offerings. We extensively collect lists of extracurricular clubs offered by hundreds of American high schools and analyze the relationship between schools’ club counts and various factors, such as school enrollment, household income, pupil-to-teacher ratio, and racial demographics. We find that, although the relationship exhibits complex higher-order effects and nonlinearity, it can still be effectively captured by our carefully constructed predictive model. Moreover, we find that, despite the significant influence of school demographics, schools still have ample opportunities to take the initiative to improve their club offerings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-34afcf6dc3da4088b9945a52e14facec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2544-7831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Education Studies |
| spelling | doaj-art-34afcf6dc3da4088b9945a52e14facec2025-08-20T03:28:19ZengDe GruyterOpen Education Studies2544-78312025-07-017115416010.1515/edu-2025-0093Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High SchoolsTang Amy0Wang Yang1Tang Chunqiang2Lynbrook High School, San Jose, United StatesDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Ohio, United StatesMeta platforms, San Jose, United StatesPrevious research has provided compelling evidence of a strong connection between extracurricular activities and positive youth development. While both school offerings and student participation affect the outcomes of extracurricular activities, earlier studies have primarily focused on student participation. In contrast, this study shifts the focus to school offerings. We extensively collect lists of extracurricular clubs offered by hundreds of American high schools and analyze the relationship between schools’ club counts and various factors, such as school enrollment, household income, pupil-to-teacher ratio, and racial demographics. We find that, although the relationship exhibits complex higher-order effects and nonlinearity, it can still be effectively captured by our carefully constructed predictive model. Moreover, we find that, despite the significant influence of school demographics, schools still have ample opportunities to take the initiative to improve their club offerings.https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2025-0093 |
| spellingShingle | Tang Amy Wang Yang Tang Chunqiang Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High Schools Open Education Studies |
| title | Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High Schools |
| title_full | Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High Schools |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High Schools |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High Schools |
| title_short | Understanding the Factors Influencing the Number of Extracurricular Clubs in American High Schools |
| title_sort | understanding the factors influencing the number of extracurricular clubs in american high schools |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2025-0093 |
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