Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis

Abstract Aims Observational research has identified links between micronutrient levels and chronic liver disease. However, the lack of randomized controlled experiments has impeded the ability to establish a cause‐and‐effect connection regarding micronutrients and cirrhosis of the liver. This Mendel...

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Main Authors: Junlong Lin, Jialin Chen, Zhichao Li, Baifeng Qian, Yunpeng Hua
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-09-01
Series:Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/poh2.90
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author Junlong Lin
Jialin Chen
Zhichao Li
Baifeng Qian
Yunpeng Hua
author_facet Junlong Lin
Jialin Chen
Zhichao Li
Baifeng Qian
Yunpeng Hua
author_sort Junlong Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aims Observational research has identified links between micronutrient levels and chronic liver disease. However, the lack of randomized controlled experiments has impeded the ability to establish a cause‐and‐effect connection regarding micronutrients and cirrhosis of the liver. This Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis aimed to examine the causal impact of micronutrients on liver cirrhosis. Methods We selected genetic instrumental variables related to 12 micronutrients from genome‐wide studies on individuals of European descent, covering an array of over 9,851,867 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 460,351 participants. Data from patients with cirrhosis in the FinnGen database (https://www.finngen.fi/fi) were used. A two‐sample MR approach was employed to establish genetically causal estimates. Primary analyses used random effects and inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods, with additional sensitivity analyses for validation. MR–Egger intercept analysis and Cochran's Q test assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Furthermore, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was conducted to address potential confounding variables. Results IVW and weighted median methods showed that most micronutrients included were not significantly associated with a genetic susceptibility to liver cirrhosis. However, MR analysis demonstrated a significant association between circulating vitamin D levels and a reduced risk of liver cirrhosis (odds ratio IVW = 0.53, p < 0.010). The MR–Egger intercept showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (p = 0.178), whereas Cochran's Q test found no heterogeneity (p = 0.799). Furthermore, MVMR analysis confirmed vitamin D was identified as a factor that independently mitigates the risk of liver cirrhosis. Conclusion This research constitutes the most comprehensive MR investigation in this field, providing evidence supporting a protective link between circulating vitamin D levels and cirrhosis incidence. It suggests that maintaining sufficient vitamin D could be a cost‐effective strategy for early intervention in liver cirrhosis.
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spelling doaj-art-34a8eca97ad94557897c14cbec50dc522025-08-20T01:54:26ZengWileyPortal Hypertension & Cirrhosis2770-58382770-58462024-09-013316017010.1002/poh2.90Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysisJunlong Lin0Jialin Chen1Zhichao Li2Baifeng Qian3Yunpeng Hua4Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaDepartment of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaDepartment of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaDepartment of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaDepartment of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaAbstract Aims Observational research has identified links between micronutrient levels and chronic liver disease. However, the lack of randomized controlled experiments has impeded the ability to establish a cause‐and‐effect connection regarding micronutrients and cirrhosis of the liver. This Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis aimed to examine the causal impact of micronutrients on liver cirrhosis. Methods We selected genetic instrumental variables related to 12 micronutrients from genome‐wide studies on individuals of European descent, covering an array of over 9,851,867 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 460,351 participants. Data from patients with cirrhosis in the FinnGen database (https://www.finngen.fi/fi) were used. A two‐sample MR approach was employed to establish genetically causal estimates. Primary analyses used random effects and inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods, with additional sensitivity analyses for validation. MR–Egger intercept analysis and Cochran's Q test assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Furthermore, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was conducted to address potential confounding variables. Results IVW and weighted median methods showed that most micronutrients included were not significantly associated with a genetic susceptibility to liver cirrhosis. However, MR analysis demonstrated a significant association between circulating vitamin D levels and a reduced risk of liver cirrhosis (odds ratio IVW = 0.53, p < 0.010). The MR–Egger intercept showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (p = 0.178), whereas Cochran's Q test found no heterogeneity (p = 0.799). Furthermore, MVMR analysis confirmed vitamin D was identified as a factor that independently mitigates the risk of liver cirrhosis. Conclusion This research constitutes the most comprehensive MR investigation in this field, providing evidence supporting a protective link between circulating vitamin D levels and cirrhosis incidence. It suggests that maintaining sufficient vitamin D could be a cost‐effective strategy for early intervention in liver cirrhosis.https://doi.org/10.1002/poh2.90liver cirrhosisMendelian randomizationmicronutrientvitamin D
spellingShingle Junlong Lin
Jialin Chen
Zhichao Li
Baifeng Qian
Yunpeng Hua
Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis
Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis
liver cirrhosis
Mendelian randomization
micronutrient
vitamin D
title Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis
title_full Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis
title_fullStr Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis
title_full_unstemmed Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis
title_short Appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis: Evidence from large‐scale Mendelian randomization analysis
title_sort appraising the causal effects of circulating micronutrients on liver cirrhosis evidence from large scale mendelian randomization analysis
topic liver cirrhosis
Mendelian randomization
micronutrient
vitamin D
url https://doi.org/10.1002/poh2.90
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