Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study

Abstract This prospective study aimed to investigate changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in myopic children using orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses and their relationship with myopia progression. A total of 112 children aged 8–13 years were divided into group A (axial elongation ≤ 0.1 ...

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Main Authors: Ju Zhang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Ranyi Ding, Yanan Ji, Zhe Zhu, Qingdong Bao, Ting Wang, Weiyun Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17115-w
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author Ju Zhang
Xiaoliang Zhang
Ranyi Ding
Yanan Ji
Zhe Zhu
Qingdong Bao
Ting Wang
Weiyun Shi
author_facet Ju Zhang
Xiaoliang Zhang
Ranyi Ding
Yanan Ji
Zhe Zhu
Qingdong Bao
Ting Wang
Weiyun Shi
author_sort Ju Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This prospective study aimed to investigate changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in myopic children using orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses and their relationship with myopia progression. A total of 112 children aged 8–13 years were divided into group A (axial elongation ≤ 0.1 mm/y with ortho-k) and group B (axial elongation > 0.1 mm/y with ortho-k). At baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months following the initiation of lens wear, HOAs and corneal peripheral defocus were evaluated. Ninety-three patients completed the 1-year follow-up. The mean axial elongation was − 0.07 ± 0.15 mm/y in group A, versus 0.32 ± 0.17 mm/y in group B. No statistical differences were observed in HOAs and corneal peripheral defocus at 1, 6, and 12 months (F = 0.653, 0.878; P > 0.05). Multivariate linear regression showed axial elongation was negatively correlated with ∆HOAs, peripheral defocus, and ∆horizontal coma (standardized beta=-0.331, -0.318, -0.209; P = 0.006, 0.001, 0.010, respectively) and positively correlated with the treatment zone diameter (standardized beta = 0.261, P = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression identified ∆HOAs, peripheral defocus, ∆horizontal coma, and treatment zone as key factors distinguishing group A from group B (OR = 0.009, 0.455, 0.123, 12.172; P = 0.036, 0.003, 0.032, 0.019, respectively). The ROC curve for ∆HOAs had an area of 0.803 with a cut-off value of 0.834 μm. The ∆HOAs were more effective independent predictors of axial elongation than corneal peripheral defocus in children using ortho-k lenses. The ∆HOAs greater than 0.834 μm may lead to axial elongation ≤ 0.1 mm/y. These findings can be beneficial to fitting and optimizing ortho-k lenses.
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spelling doaj-art-34a7026e036a4f658f7e13b2e2131ba32025-08-24T11:26:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-17115-wCorneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort studyJu Zhang0Xiaoliang Zhang1Ranyi Ding2Yanan Ji3Zhe Zhu4Qingdong Bao5Ting Wang6Weiyun Shi7Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesEye Hospital of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital)Eye Hospital of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital)Eye Hospital of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital)Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesEye Hospital of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital)Eye Hospital of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital)Abstract This prospective study aimed to investigate changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in myopic children using orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses and their relationship with myopia progression. A total of 112 children aged 8–13 years were divided into group A (axial elongation ≤ 0.1 mm/y with ortho-k) and group B (axial elongation > 0.1 mm/y with ortho-k). At baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months following the initiation of lens wear, HOAs and corneal peripheral defocus were evaluated. Ninety-three patients completed the 1-year follow-up. The mean axial elongation was − 0.07 ± 0.15 mm/y in group A, versus 0.32 ± 0.17 mm/y in group B. No statistical differences were observed in HOAs and corneal peripheral defocus at 1, 6, and 12 months (F = 0.653, 0.878; P > 0.05). Multivariate linear regression showed axial elongation was negatively correlated with ∆HOAs, peripheral defocus, and ∆horizontal coma (standardized beta=-0.331, -0.318, -0.209; P = 0.006, 0.001, 0.010, respectively) and positively correlated with the treatment zone diameter (standardized beta = 0.261, P = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression identified ∆HOAs, peripheral defocus, ∆horizontal coma, and treatment zone as key factors distinguishing group A from group B (OR = 0.009, 0.455, 0.123, 12.172; P = 0.036, 0.003, 0.032, 0.019, respectively). The ROC curve for ∆HOAs had an area of 0.803 with a cut-off value of 0.834 μm. The ∆HOAs were more effective independent predictors of axial elongation than corneal peripheral defocus in children using ortho-k lenses. The ∆HOAs greater than 0.834 μm may lead to axial elongation ≤ 0.1 mm/y. These findings can be beneficial to fitting and optimizing ortho-k lenses.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17115-wOrthokeratology lensesHigher-order aberrationsPeripheral defocusMyopiaCorneal topography
spellingShingle Ju Zhang
Xiaoliang Zhang
Ranyi Ding
Yanan Ji
Zhe Zhu
Qingdong Bao
Ting Wang
Weiyun Shi
Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study
Scientific Reports
Orthokeratology lenses
Higher-order aberrations
Peripheral defocus
Myopia
Corneal topography
title Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study
title_full Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study
title_short Corneal higher-order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology: a single-center prospective cohort study
title_sort corneal higher order aberrations as key predictive indicators of axial elongation in myopic children with orthokeratology a single center prospective cohort study
topic Orthokeratology lenses
Higher-order aberrations
Peripheral defocus
Myopia
Corneal topography
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17115-w
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