The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes

Inflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid response triggered through generic and nonspecific means that by definition lacks the ability to remember. Recently, it...

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Main Authors: David Alex Cronkite, Tara M. Strutt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-01-01
Series:Journal of Immunology Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1467538
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author David Alex Cronkite
Tara M. Strutt
author_facet David Alex Cronkite
Tara M. Strutt
author_sort David Alex Cronkite
collection DOAJ
description Inflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid response triggered through generic and nonspecific means that by definition lacks the ability to remember. Recently, it has become clear that some innate immune cells are epigenetically reprogrammed or “imprinted” by past experiences. These “trained” innate immune cells display altered inflammatory responses upon subsequent pathogen encounter. Remembrance of past pathogen encounters has classically been attributed to cohorts of antigen-specific memory T and B cells following the resolution of infection. During recall responses, memory T and B cells quickly respond by proliferating, producing effector cytokines, and performing various effector functions. An often-overlooked effector function of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells is the promotion of an inflammatory milieu at the initial site of infection that mirrors the primary encounter. This memory-conditioned inflammatory response, in conjunction with other secondary effector T cell functions, results in better control and more rapid resolution of both infection and the associated tissue pathology. Recent advancements in our understanding of inflammatory triggers, imprinting of the innate immune responses, and the role of T cell memory in regulating inflammation are discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-34a088b7e75d4ca29e6215df561beb1e2025-08-20T02:24:07ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562018-01-01201810.1155/2018/14675381467538The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive LymphocytesDavid Alex Cronkite0Tara M. Strutt1College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USAImmunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USAInflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid response triggered through generic and nonspecific means that by definition lacks the ability to remember. Recently, it has become clear that some innate immune cells are epigenetically reprogrammed or “imprinted” by past experiences. These “trained” innate immune cells display altered inflammatory responses upon subsequent pathogen encounter. Remembrance of past pathogen encounters has classically been attributed to cohorts of antigen-specific memory T and B cells following the resolution of infection. During recall responses, memory T and B cells quickly respond by proliferating, producing effector cytokines, and performing various effector functions. An often-overlooked effector function of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells is the promotion of an inflammatory milieu at the initial site of infection that mirrors the primary encounter. This memory-conditioned inflammatory response, in conjunction with other secondary effector T cell functions, results in better control and more rapid resolution of both infection and the associated tissue pathology. Recent advancements in our understanding of inflammatory triggers, imprinting of the innate immune responses, and the role of T cell memory in regulating inflammation are discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1467538
spellingShingle David Alex Cronkite
Tara M. Strutt
The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes
Journal of Immunology Research
title The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes
title_full The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes
title_fullStr The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes
title_full_unstemmed The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes
title_short The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes
title_sort regulation of inflammation by innate and adaptive lymphocytes
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1467538
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